GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME (Syllabus: GS Paper 3 – Sci & Tech)

Context: In a recent study from Israel, a connection was found between Covid-19 infection and a higher likelihood of being diagnosed with Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) within six weeks.

Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS)

• About: This is a rare autoimmune disorder where the body's immune system mistakenly attacks the peripheral nerves.
• It is more common in adults and males but can affect people of all ages.
• Symptoms: Initial signs of this syndrome often manifest as sensations of weakness or tingling, typically originating in the legs and potentially extending to affect the arms and facial areas. 

o In certain individuals, these sensations may progress to paralysis in the legs, arms, or facial muscles.

• Causes: It is frequently preceded by an infection.

o This infection can be either bacterial or viral in nature.

o The most commonly associated infections encompass Campylobacter jejuni, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), and the bacteria responsible for pneumonia and urinary tract infections.

• Treatment: There is currently no cure available for this condition, with the primary treatment being the administration of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG).  IVIG is derived from donated blood containing beneficial antibodies.