Features of Fascism: Rise, Impact & Global Examples

Explore the key features of fascism, a far-right authoritarian ideology rooted in nationalism, militarism, and dictatorial rule. Learn about its rise post-WWI, causes, impact, and examples from Italy, Germany, Argentina, and Portugal.

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Fascism is a radical right-wing ideology that promotes authoritarian leadership, extreme nationalism, and suppression of dissent. Emerging in the aftermath of World War I, it gained traction in countries facing political instability and economic crises.

Features of Fascism

Fascism is a far-right authoritarian political ideology that emerged in the early 20th century and rose to prominence after World War I in several nations, notably Italy, Germany, and Japan.
It refers to a mass political movement that emphasizes extreme nationalism, militarism, and the supremacy of both the nation and the single, powerful leader over the individual citizen.

Reasons for Rise of Fascism

Post war disappointment for Italy: not receiving control over Yugoslavia and Albania despite its significant contributions during World War I.
Weak or ineffective democratic institutions: desire for a strong, decisive, charismatic leader.
Extreme Nationalism and identity crises: revival of lost glory.
Reaction against communism and socialism
War induced Economic crises, followed by Great Depression in the 1930s, high unemployment rates, poverty, and social inequality created a fertile ground for the rise of fascism.
Propaganda and manipulation: Fascist movements utilized mass media, rallies, and charismatic leaders to disseminate their ideologies, control the narrative, and mobilize support.
Fear and insecurity: Fascist movements exploited societal fears and insecurities to gain support, coupled with weak political opposition.

Outcomes of Fascism

Economic growth: Wheat production, high birth rate, Public works programmes, Land reclamation, Industrial growth was encouraged, however resource shortage was still a challenge.
World War II: was due to the hyper-nationalism and racial superiority ideologies to gain control over Europe and the world.
Rampant corruption & suppression.
Great Depression: The Great Depression led to huge debts, unemployment and bank crisis.
Failure of government: to provide social services.

Conclusion

Fascism is still a field where no objective analysis exists mainly due to the horrific nature of these regimes, but it is generally regarded as a reactionary policy and saw relevance only during the interwar period. Since the World war a few cases of fascism has been seen in Peron's Argentina, Salazar's Portugal etc.

Features of Fascism: Rise, Impact & Global Examples FAQs

Fascism is a far-right authoritarian ideology that promotes extreme nationalism, militarism, and centralized power under a dictatorial leader.

Factors include post-WWI dissatisfaction, economic crises, fear of communism, weak democracies, and the use of propaganda by charismatic leaders.

Fascism rose prominently in Italy under Mussolini, Germany under Hitler, and to some extent in Japan, Portugal, and Argentina.

Fascism led to the suppression of freedoms, racial persecution, aggressive expansionism, and ultimately triggered World War II.

While classical fascism declined after WWII, elements of authoritarian nationalism and far-right politics still emerge in some regions today.

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