theIASHub | 14 Jul, 2025 | 41
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Jarawa tribe : Recently, the Government of India announced plans to conduct the 16th Census. Experts are confident that the enumeration process will proceed smoothly, even for the sensitive task of counting the Jarawa tribe along with the five other major indigenous tribes of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
o The term “Jarawa” means “stranger” or “outsider” in their native language.
o Ancient Origins: Believed to be among the earliest human populations in Asia.
- Thought to be descendants of the now-extinct Jangil tribe, and possibly part of the first successful migrations out of Africa.
- They are of Negrito origin, with dark skin, curly hair, and short stature.
o Habitat & Territory: Inhabit the dense tropical forests of South and Middle Andaman Islands, primarily along the western coast.
- Reside within the Jarawa Reserve Forest, a legally protected area to ensure their survival and limit external interference.
o Lifestyle & Culture: Hunter-Gatherers and semi-nomadic, known for their territorial nature and have historically defended their land from intrusions.
- Their small, isolated population makes them extremely vulnerable to extinction.
- Belongs to the Great Andamanese language family.
o These groups require focused attention and targeted development efforts, as more dominant tribal communities often receive a larger share of tribal welfare resources.
o Introduced in 1975 based on the recommendations of the Dhebar Commission.
o 75 PVTGs out of the 705 Scheduled Tribes recognized in India.
o Found across 18 states and 1 Union Territory in India (as per the 2011 Census).
o Odisha has the largest PVTG population, with over 2.5 lakh individuals.
Talisman Sabre Exercise : Recently, India joined 18 other nations in participating in Talisman Sabre 2025, a major multinational military exercise led by Australia.
o Its 11th edition includes : Three-week-long exercise with over 35,000 military personnel from participating nations.
o Training activities are being held across Queensland, Northern Territory, Western Australia, New South Wales, and Christmas Island.
o Participating Nations: Full Participants (19 Nations): Australia, United States, India, Japan, France, Germany, the United Kingdom, Canada, Indonesia, South Korea, New Zealand, Singapore, the Philippines, Thailand, Fiji, Tonga, Papua New Guinea, Norway, and the Netherlands.
- Observers: Malaysia and Vietnam.
3I/ATLAS : Recently, scientists using the ATLAS survey telescope in Chile announced the detection of a new interstellar object, 3I/ATLAS.
o This marks just the third recorded instance of an interstellar object passing through our solar system, after 1I/ʻOumuamua in 2017 and 2I/Borisov in 2019.
o Appears reddish, with a spectral slope of 1.3% per 100 nm, hinting at complex organics or water ice.
o The nucleus is likely 10–30 km wide, larger than both ʻOumuamua and Borisov.
o Believed to be over 3 billion years old, possibly older than our solar system.
o Travels at an extremely high velocity of 57–68 km/s relative to the Sun.
o Trajectory simulations trace its path back to the constellation Sagittarius, indicating it came from outside our solar system.
o Objective: To detect and track small to medium-sized asteroids on collision courses with Earth, giving time to evacuate or respond if necessary.
o Key Features and Capabilities: Wide-Field Coverage: Each ATLAS Capable of detecting 100-meter asteroids days to weeks before impact and smaller ones hours to days ahead
Mucormycosis : Recently, a large-scale study by the Indian Council of Medical Research revealed that survivors of mucormycosis continue to suffer from severe post-recovery complications.
o Published in Clinical Microbiology and Infection, this is the first national prospective study in India assessing the long-term outcomes of mucormycosis patients.
o Over 70% of survivors experienced at least one serious post-recovery complication, such as facial disfigurement, speech difficulties, mental health distress, or loss of employment.
o It primarily affects individuals with weakened immune systems or underlying conditions such as : Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, Prolonged ICU stay, Use of steroids or immunosuppressants, Organ transplant recipients and Patients on voriconazole therapy
o Mode of Infection: Most commonly acquired by inhaling spores present in the air.
- Can also infect through wounds, burns, or skin injuries.
- In severe cases, it may spread to the brain or other internal organs.
o Types : Rhinocerebral: Sinus infection that can reach the brain; common in diabetics.
- Pulmonary: Lung infection in cancer or transplant patients.
- Gastrointestinal: Affects the gut; seen in premature infants.
- Cutaneous: Skin infection through wounds; occurs in healthy individuals.
- Disseminated: Spreads via blood to organs; seen in severely ill patients.
Sanchar Mitra Scheme: Recently, the Sanchar Mitra Scheme was launched nationwide by the Department of Telecommunications (DoT), Government of India to empower youth as digital ambassadors and raise public awareness on key telecom issues.
o Objectives to educate communities on: Digital safety, Cyber fraud prevention, Electromagnetic field radiation concerns, Responsible mobile use and digital literacy
o Participants will gain exposure to cutting-edge technologies such as 5G, 6G, Artificial Intelligence, and Cyber Security through structured learning and real-world projects.
o Sanchar Mitras will be trained by experts from the National Communications Academy–Technology (NCA-T) and DoT’s Media Wing.
o Community Engagement: Sanchar Mitras will conduct grassroots awareness drives, collaborate with NGOs, and work to foster informed digital behaviour in their communities.
- Volunteers will be periodically assessed on parameters such as innovation, consistency, and impact.
Mapping the Application of Artificial Intelligence in Traditional Medicine : Recently, the World Health Organization (WHO) recognized India’s pioneering efforts in integrating Artificial Intelligence (AI) with traditional medicine.
o In its latest technical brief titled “Mapping the Application of Artificial Intelligence in Traditional Medicine”, WHO highlights India’s innovative digital advancements in the Ayush sector and their potential to influence the future of global healthcare.
o AI-Driven Innovations : Ayurgenomics: Integrates Ayurveda and genomics for predictive diagnostics and personalized health.
- Prakriti-based machine learning models for early diagnosis.
- AI analysis of pulse, tongue, and Prakriti assessments using neural networks.
- Decoding molecular basis of herbal drugs for modern use.
- Artificial chemical sensors to assess Ayurvedic parameters like Rasa, Guna, and Virya.
o Major Digital Platforms: Ayush Grid (2018): Foundation of India's digital traditional medicine ecosystem.
- SAHI Portal, NAMASTE Portal, and Ayush Research Portal: Used for awareness, research, and practitioner engagement.
Counterfeit Or Substandard Fertilizers: Recently, the Union Agriculture Minister urged all States and UTs to launch campaigns ensuring fertilizer quality and eliminating fake agricultural inputs to protect farmers.
o Substandard fertilizers: Products that may be genuine but fail to meet the required quality standards, such as lower nutrient content, improper formulation, or expired shelf life, making them ineffective or harmful to crops and soil.
o Strengthen Quality Checks: Conduct regular sampling and testing to identify spurious or substandard fertilizers.
o Stop Forced Bundling: Prohibit the mandatory sale of nano or bio-stimulants with traditional fertilizers.
o Enforce Legal Action: File FIRs, cancel licenses, and ensure convictions against those dealing in fake fertilizers.
o Promote Farmer Involvement: Engage farmers through feedback systems and awareness drives to help them detect genuine products.
o FCO defines: → Substances allowed as fertilizers →Product-wise specifications.
→ Licensing/registration procedures for manufacturers and dealers.
→ Conditions for fertilizer trade and distribution.
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