Geography Questions in UPSC Prelims Asked Last Five Years

Explore the key Geography questions asked in UPSC Prelims 2024 and previous years. Learn preparation tips, essential topics, and recommended books to ace the exam.

Geography Questions in the UPSC Prelims Examination comprise both conceptual and factual questions. Over the years Geography Questions in UPSC Prelims have been shifted to the mix of conceptual and factual questions.

Geography plays a crucial role in the Prelims and the Mains Examination of the UPSC exam, with questions testing conceptual clarity and application skills. In this article, we will examine the geography questions over the years in UPSC Prelims and decode the nature of geography questions in UPSC Prelims, as well as essential topics, preparation strategies, and resources to ace this section.

Geography Questions in UPSC Prelims 2024

Here we are providing the Geography Questions asked in the UPSC Prelims 2024. The table below contains the Geography Questions in UPSC Prelims 2024 with Answers:

Geography Questions in UPSC Prelims 2024 with Answers
S. No. Question  Answer 
1. The longest border between any two countries in the world is between :

  1. Canada and the United States of America
  2. Chile and Argentina
  3. China and India
  4. Kazakhstan and Russian Federation 
(a)  Canada and the United States of America
2. Consider the following statements:

  1. The Red Sea receives very little precipitation in any form.
  2. No water enters the Red Sea from rivers.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

  1. 1 only
  2. 2 only
  3. Both 1 and 2
  4. Neither 1 nor 2
(c)  Both 1 and 2
3. Consider the following statements:

Statement-I: The atmosphere is heated more by incoming solar radiation than terrestrial radiation.

Statement-II: Carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere are good absorbers of long-wave radiation.

Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

  1. Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II explains Statement-I
  2. Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct but Statement-II does not explain Statement-I
  3. Statement-I is correct, but Statement-II is incorrect
  4. Statement-I is incorrect, but Statement-II is correct
(d)  Statement-I is incorrect, but Statement-II is correct
4. Consider the following statements:

Statement-I: Thickness of the troposphere at the equator is much greater as compared to poles.

Statement-II: At the equator, heat is transported to great heights by strong convectional currents.

Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

  1. Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II explains Statement-I
  2. Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct, but Statement-II does not explain Statement-I
  3. Statement-I is correct, but Statement-II is incorrect
  4. Statement-I is incorrect, but Statement-II is correct.
(a)  Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II explains Statement-I
5. Consider the following :

  1. Pyroclastic debris
  2. Ash and dust
  3. Nitrogen compounds
  4. Sulphur compounds   

How many of the above are products of volcanic eruptions?

  1. Only one
  2. Only two
  3. Only three
  4. All four
(d)  All four
6. Which of the following is/are correct inference/inferences from isothermal maps in the month of January?

  1. The isotherms deviate to the north over the ocean and to the south over the continent.
  2. The presence of cold ocean currents, Gulf Stream and North Atlantic Drift make the North Atlantic Ocean colder and the isotherms bend towards the north.

Select the answer using the code given below:

(a)  1 only

(b)  2 only

(c)  Both 1 and 2

(d)  Neither 1 nor 2

(a)  1 only
7. Which of the following countries are well known as the two largest cocoa producers in the world?

(a)  Algeria and Morocco

(b)  Botswana and Namibia

(c)  Cote d’Ivoire and Ghana

(d)  Madagascar and Mozambique

(c)  Cote d’Ivoire and Ghana
8. With reference to the Himalayan rivers joining the Ganga downstream of Prayagraj from West to East, which one of the following sequences is correct?

(a)  Ghaghara — Gomati — Gandak — Kosi

(b)  Gomati — Ghaghara — Gandak — Kosi

(c)  Ghaghara — Gomati — Kosi — Gandak

(d)  Gomati — Ghaghara — Kosi — Gandak

(b)  Gomati — Ghaghara — Gandak — Kosi
9. Consider the following statements :

Statement-I:

Rainfall is one of the reasons for the weathering of rocks.

Statement-II:

Rain water contains carbon dioxide in solution.

Statement-III:

Rain water contains atmospheric oxygen.

Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

(a)  Both Statement-II and Statement-III are correct and both of them explain Statement-I

(b)  Both Statement-II and Statement-III are correct, but only one of them explains Statement-I

(c)  Only one of the Statement II and III is correct and that explains Statement-I

(d)  Neither Statement-II nor Statement-III is correct

(a)  Both Statement-II and Statement-III are correct and both of them explain Statement-I
10. Consider the following countries :

  1. Finland
  2. Germany
  3. Norway
  4. Russia

How many of the above countries have a border with the North Sea?

(a)  Only one

(b)  Only two

(c)  Only three

(d)  All four

(b)  Only two
11. Consider the following information:

  Waterfall Region River
1. Dhuandhar Malwa Narmada
2. Hundru Chota Nagpur Subarnarekha
3. Gersoppa Western Ghats Netravati

In how many of the above rows is the given information correctly matched?

(a)  Only one

(b)  Only two

(c)  All three

(d)  None

(a)  Only one
12. Consider the following information:

  Region Name of the mountain range Type of mountain
1. Central Asia Vosges Fold mountain
2. Europe Alps Block mountain
3. North America Appalachians Fold mountain
4. South America Andes Fold mountain

In how many of the above rows is the given information correctly matched?

(a)  Only one

(b)  Only two

(c)  Only three

(d)  All four

(b)  Only two
13. Consider the following:

  1. Cashew
  2. Papaya
  3. Red sanders

How many of the above trees are actually native to India?

(a)  Only one

(b)  Only two

(c)  All three

(d)  None

(a)  Only one
14. With reference to “water vapour”, which of the following statements is/are correct?

  1. It is a gas, the amount of which decreases with altitude.
  2. Its percentage is maximum at the poles.

Select the answer using the code given below:

(a)  1 only

(b)  2 only

(c)  Both 1 and 2

(d)  Neither 1 nor 2

(a)  1 only
15. Consider the following description:

  1. Annual and daily range of temperatures is low.
  2. Precipitation occurs throughout the year.
  3. Precipitation varies between 50 cm – 250 cm.

What is this type of climate?

(a)  Equatorial climate

(b)  China type climate

(c)  Humid subtropical climate

(d)  Marine West coast climate

(d)  Marine West coast climate
16. With reference to “Coriolis force”, which of the following statements is/are correct?

  1. It increases with increase in wind velocity.
  2. It is maximum at the poles and is absent at the equator.

Select the answer using the code given below:

(a)  1 only

(b)  2 only

(c)  Both 1 and 2

(d)  Neither 1 nor 2

(c)  Both 1 and 2
17. On June 21 every year, which of the following latitude(s) experience(s) a sunlight of more than 12 hours?

  1. Equator
  2. Tropic of Cancer
  3. Tropic of Capricorn
  4. Arctic Circle

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

(a)  1 only     

(b)  2 only

(c)  3 and 4

(d)  2 and 4

(d) 2 and 4
18. One of the following regions has the world’s largest tropical peatland, which holds about three years worth of global carbon emissions from fossil fuels; and the possible destruction of which can exert detrimental effects on the global climate. Which one of the following denotes that region?

(a)  Amazon Basin

(b)  Congo Basin

(c)  Kilkori Basin

(d)  Rio de la Plata Basin

(b) Congo Basin
19. Consider the following plants:

  1. Groundnut
  2. Horse-gram
  3. Soybean

How many of the above belong to the pea family?

(a)  Only one

(b)  Only two

(c)  All three

(d)  None

(c) All three
20. The total fertility rate in an economy is defined as:

(a)  the number of children born per 1000 people in the population in a year.

(b)  the number of children born to a couple in their lifetime in a given population.

(c)  the birth rate minus the death rate.

(d)  the average number of live births a woman would have by the end of her child-bearing age.

(d)  the average number of live births a woman would have by the end of her child-bearing age.

Geography Questions in UPSC Prelims 2023

UPSC Prelims 2023 asked 13 questions from the geography section. Out of these questions, a few were difficult questions and others were moderate questions. The difficulty of the questions for any individual is up to the preparation of the candidate. Here are the Geography Questions asked in UPSC Prelims 2023:

Geography Questions in UPSC Prelims 2023
S. No. Questions Answer
  1. 2222
Consider the following statements:

  1. Jhelum River passes through Wular Lake.
  2. Krishna River directly feeds Kolleru Lake.
  3. Meandering of the Gandak River formed Kanwar Lake.

How many of the statements given above are correct?

(a) Only one

(b) Only two

(c) All three

(d) None

Answer: (a)
2.  Consider the following trees:

  1. Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus)
  2. Mahua (Madhuca indica)
  3. Teak (Tectona grandis)

How many of the above are deciduous trees?

(a) Only one

(b) Only two

(c) All three

(d) None

Answer: (b)
3.  Consider the following pairs:

Port Well known as
1. Kamarajar Port First major port in India registered as a company
2. Mundra Port Largest privately owned port in India
3. Visakhapatnam Largest container port in Port India

How many of the above pairs are correctly matched?

(a) Only one pair

(b) Only two pairs

(c) All three pairs

(d) None of the pairs

Answer: (b)
4.  Which one of the following is the best example of repeated falls in sea level, giving rise to present-day extensive marshland?

(a) Bhitarkanika Mangroves

(b) Marakkanam Salt Pans

(c) Naupada Swamp

(d) Rann of Kutch

Answer:  (d)
5.  Consider the following statements:

  1. India has more arable areas than China.
  2. The proportion of irrigated area is more in India as compared to China.
  3. The average productivity per hectare in Indian agriculture is higher than that in China.

How many of the above statements are correct?

(a) Only one

(b) Only two

(c) All three

(d) None

Answer: (b)
6.  Ilmenite and rutile, abundantly available in certain coastal tracts of India, are rich sources of which one of the following?

(a) Aluminium

(b) Copper

(c) Iron

(d) Titanium

Answer: (a)
7.  Consider the following statements:

Statement I: The soil in tropical rainforests is rich in nutrients.

Statement II: The high temperature and moisture of tropical rainforests cause dead organic matter in the soil to decompose quickly.

Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

(a) Both Statement I and Statement II are correct and Statement II is the correct explanation for Statement I

(b) Both Statement I and Statement II are correct and Statement II is not the correct explanation for Statement I

(c) Statement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect

(d) Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is correct

Answer: (d)
8.  With reference to coal-based thermal power plants in India, consider the following statements:

  1. None of them uses seawater.
  2. None of them are set up in water-stressed districts.
  3. None of them is privately owned.

How many of the above statements are correct?

(a) Only one

(b) Only two

(c) All three

(d) None

Answer: (d)
9.  Consider the following statements:

Statement I: The temperature contrast between continents and oceans is greater during summer than in winter.

Statement II: The specific heat of water is more than that of land surface.

Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

(a) Both Statement I and Statement II are correct and Statement II is the correct explanation for Statement I

(b) Both Statement I and Statement II are correct and Statement II is not the correct explanation for Statement I

(c) Statement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect

(d) Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is correct

Answer: (a)
10.  Consider the following statements:

  1. Amarkantak Hills are at the confluence of Vindhya and the Sahyadri Ranges.
  2. Biligirirangan Hills constitute the easternmost part of Satpura Range.
  3. Seshachalam Hills constitute the southernmost part of Western Ghats.

How many of the statements given above are correct?

(a) Only one

(b) Only two

(c) All three

(d) None

Answer: (d)
11 Consider the following statements:

  1. In a seismograph, P waves are recorded earlier than S waves.
  2. In P waves, the individual particles vibrate to and fro in the direction of wave propagation whereas in S waves, the particles vibrate up and down at right angles to the direction of wave propagation.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 only

(b) 2 only

(c) Both 1 and 2

(d) Neither 1 nor 2

Answer: (c)
1222 With reference to the Earth’s atmosphere, which one of the following statements is correct?

(a) The total amount of insolation received at the equator is roughly about 10 times of that received at the poles.

(b) Infrared rays constitute roughly two-thirds of insolation.

(c) Infrared waves are largely absorbed by water vapour that is concentrated in the lower atmosphere.

(d) Infrared waves are a part of the visible spectrum of electromagnetic waves of solar radiation.

Answer: (c)
13 Consider the following statements:

Statement I: India, despite having uranium deposits, depends on coal for most of its electricity production.

Statement II: Uranium, enriched to the extent at least 60%, is required for the production of electricity.

Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

(a) Both Statement I and Statement II are correct and Statement II is the correct explanation for Statement I

(b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-1

(c) Statement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect

(d) Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is correct

Answer: (c)

Understanding Geography Questions in UPSC Prelims

Geography questions in UPSC Prelims focus on both physical and human geography, covering India’s geographical features and global geographical features. Geography Questions in UPSC Prelims include factual to analytical, often requiring candidates to correlate concepts with current events.

For example, a question might ask about the impact of El Niño on monsoons or the location of important mountain passes in India. Analyzing past trends, aspirants can observe a mix of map-based questions and theoretical ones, highlighting the need for comprehensive preparation.

Key Dimensions of Geography in UPSC Prelims 2025

Geography in UPSC Prelims 2025 can be predicted by analysing the trends of the questions asked in the last few years of the UPSC Prelims Examination. The Key Areas of Geography in UPSC Prelims 2025:

  • Physical Geography: Includes topics like landforms, climatology, oceanography, and geomorphology. These form the backbone of geography questions in UPSC Prelims.
  • Indian Geography: Emphasizes rivers, vegetation, soil types, and mineral resources. Questions are often linked to current environmental issues or government schemes.
  • Human Geography: Covers population dynamics, urbanization, and migration. Aspirants need to understand patterns and trends from both national and global perspectives.
  • Environmental Geography: Focuses on ecological concerns, biodiversity, and conservation efforts, often tied to international conventions or policies.

Important Geography Topics for UPSC Prelims 2025

Important Geography Topics for UPSC Prelims 2025 include the physical, Indian, and World geography, and some geographical places of the world.

  • Physical Geography:
    • Plate tectonics and earthquakes
    • Climatic zones and global wind patterns
    • Ocean currents and marine ecosystems
  • Indian Geography:
    • River systems and water disputes
    • Agriculture, irrigation, and cropping patterns
    • Major mineral belts and energy resources
  • World Geography:
    • Continents and major physical features
    • Key straits, seas, and mountain ranges
    • International trade routes and global resources
  • Environment and Ecology:
    • Wetlands and Ramsar sites
    • National parks and wildlife sanctuaries
    • Climate change initiatives and treaties

Decoding the UPSC Prelims Geography Syllabus

UPSC Prelims Geography Syllabus can be segmented into two parts:

  • Static Part: Includes topics like geomorphology, climatology, and Indian physical geography. These topics remain consistent year after year.
  • Dynamic Part: Relates to current events like cyclones, floods, or policy changes in resource management. Reading newspapers and magazines is essential to cover this aspect.

Analysis of Geography Questions in UPSC Prelims Previous Year Papers

On the basis of UPSC Previous Year Question Papers we have segmented the Geography Questions asked in UPSC Prelims over the few years. Here is the distribution of the questions:

 

Year Number of Geography Questions
2024 20
2023 16
2022 16
2021 10
2020 10
2019 14
2018 10

On the basis of the previous year’s question papers of prelims, we can conclude the following observations which are:

  • Weightage: Geography contributes 15-20 questions annually, making it a significant portion.
  • Difficulty Level: Questions are moderate but require conceptual clarity.
  • Focus Areas: Topics like Indian rivers, soil types, and climate zones are recurring.

Tips for UPSC Prelims Geography Preparation Strategy

Here are a few tips and suggestions to prepare Geography for UPSC Prelims 2025:

  • Understand the Basics:
    • Start with NCERTs from classes 6 to 12 to build foundational knowledge.
    • Focus on diagrams and maps for better retention.
  • Refer to Standard Books:
    • Books like G.C. Leong’s Physical Geography and Majid Husain’s Indian Geography are highly recommended.
  • Practice Map-Based Questions:
    • Regularly practice identifying features on maps, as these questions are common in the UPSC Prelims Geography paper.
  • Update with Current Affairs:
    • Link geography topics with current events, such as new wildlife sanctuaries or international environmental conventions.
  • Solve Previous Year Papers:
    • Attempting UPSC Prelims Geography questions with answers from previous years helps understand the question pattern and improve time management.
  • Mock Tests:
    • Regularly attempt UPSC Prelims Geography MCQs to enhance speed and accuracy.

Recommended UPSC Prelims Geography Book List

UPSC Prelims Geography Book List includes mostly NCERTs but some other reference books also. Here we have segmented books that have been proved an effective source for Geography in UPSC prelims:

  • NCERT Textbooks: Classes 6-12 (for basic concepts)
  • G.C. Leong’s Certificate Physical and Human Geography: Ideal for understanding physical geography.
  • Majid Husain’s Geography of India: Comprehensive coverage of Indian geography.
  • Atlas: Oxford School Atlas for map-based preparation.
  • Environment Books: Shankar IAS’s Environment for ecology-related topics.

Common Mistakes in Geography Preparation

Aspirants should keep in mind that geography has both static as well as dynamic content which require regular updation and revision. Here are a few common mistakes committed by aspirants while covering geography for UPSC Prelims Exam.

  • Ignoring Maps: Neglecting map-based practice can lead to mistakes in identifying locations.
  • Overemphasizing Static Content: Balancing static and dynamic content is vital for a holistic approach.
  • Skipping Revision: Regular revision of facts and concepts ensures better retention. 

 

Geography Questions in UPSC Prelims FAQs

 Questions are derived from topics like physical geography, Indian geography, and environmental issues. They also include map-based questions and current affairs related to geography. A combination of static and dynamic sources is used.

NCERT books are essential for building basic concepts, especially for beginners. However, supplementary books like G.C. Leong and Current Affairs are also necessary for comprehensive preparation. Advanced references help in tackling complex questions.

 Yes, current affairs play a crucial role in Geography preparation. Questions often link static concepts to recent events like natural disasters, climate summits, or environmental policies. Staying updated helps in answering dynamic questions effectively.

 The difficulty level ranges from easy to moderate, with some analytical questions requiring deeper understanding. Conceptual clarity and integration of current events are critical for answering effectively. Regular practice reduces the challenge.

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