Learn the key roles, evolution, challenges, and reforms needed to strengthen Non Governmental Organisation (NGO) in India.
theIASHub | 15 May, 2025 | 644
A Non Governmental Organisation (NGO) is an independent body not affiliated with the government or for-profit entities. NGOs are primarily formed by citizens to serve various causes such as social welfare, environment protection, human rights, and education. A non governmental organisation (NGO) functions either at the grassroots level or nationally and plays a vital role in societal transformation, governance participation, and bridging gaps in government outreach.
A non governmental organisation (NGO) acts as a watchdog, ensuring corporate and government accountability. It monitors policies, checks corruption, and evaluates the effectiveness of public services.
NGOs deliver essential services like emergency aid, health care, and development projects. For example, the Red Cross Society provided medical assistance during the Russia–Ukraine war.
Many NGOs, such as Pratham, empower communities by offering education, training, and skill-building programs.
Non governmental organisations (NGOs) contributed to landmark legislation like the RTI Act (2005), RTE Act (2009), and Environmental Protection Act (1986) by voicing public needs and mobilizing communities.
NGOs facilitate ground-level empowerment by supporting self-help groups and local institutions through financial and strategic help.
Organisations like Jan Sahas raise awareness against social evils such as superstition and caste discrimination.
NGOs played a crucial role in helping migrant workers and spreading vaccine awareness during the COVID-19 pandemic, thereby complementing government efforts.
Political NGOs mobilize public opinion and hold the government accountable at local and national levels.
Over time, non governmental organisations (NGOs) in India have evolved from being service providers to agents of change. Committees like the Vijay Kumar Committee and 2nd Administrative Reforms Commission have recommended better accreditation, light regulations, and NGO-government collaboration via platforms like the NGO Darpan Portal.
Multiple laws, policy shifts, and restrictions on foreign donations (like the cancellation of Greenpeace and CPR registration) have posed serious challenges to NGOs.
Many NGOs rely heavily on donors and lack financial stability, limiting their ability to scale. Skilled manpower is also a persistent issue.
Cases of fund mismanagement and irregular reporting (like the Pratham Foundation case) have damaged public trust.
Due to controversies and mismanagement, people are often skeptical of the intentions of non governmental organisations (NGOs).
While some NGOs enjoy vast foreign funding, others struggle to operate, creating imbalance in influence and reach.
Low pay scales and lack of incentives discourage youth participation in social work and volunteering.
Train and equip NGO staff through structured mentorship programs.
Use digital tools, mobile apps, and data analytics for better operations and monitoring.
Adopt social entrepreneurship, crowdfunding, CSR collaborations, and impact investing.
With 65% of India’s population in villages, non governmental organisations (NGOs) must increase their rural presence.
Programs like NSS and NCC should encourage social work and coordinate campus placements with NGOs.
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