Discover the life, vision, and legacy of Madan Mohan Malviya, founder of BHU, nationalist leader, and Bharat Ratna awardee who shaped modern India.
theIASHub | 24 Sep, 2025 | 786
Madan Mohan Malviya was one of the most respected leaders of India’s freedom struggle. Known as Mahamana by Mahatma Gandhi and honored as a Karmayogi by Dr. S. Radhakrishnan, Madan Mohan Malviya made unmatched contributions to politics, society, religion, and education. He bridged the gap between the Moderates and the Extremists during the Indian National Movement and laid the foundation for one of the most prestigious educational institutions in India – Banaras Hindu University (BHU).
In this article, we will explore the life, ideology, and legacy of Madan Mohan Malviya, who was a patriot, social reformer, and visionary educationist.
Madan Mohan Malviya was born on 25th December 1861 in Allahabad (now Prayagraj), Uttar Pradesh. Coming from a family with a strong tradition of Sanskrit learning, he developed a deep respect for Indian culture and spirituality. His upbringing instilled in him values of discipline, service, and dedication to society.
Malviya received his education at Allahabad and later pursued law, which allowed him to play a vital role as a lawyer, editor, and social reformer. His commitment to public service became the guiding principle of his life.
Madan Mohan Malviya played a balancing role between the Moderates and Extremists of the Indian National Congress. He believed in constitutional reforms but at the same time, supported assertive nationalist measures when required. This ability to bridge ideological divides made him one of the most respected leaders of his time.
Madan Mohan Malviya presided over the Indian National Congress four times – in 1909, 1918, 1932, and 1933. He always advocated for Indian unity and peaceful means of achieving independence. His approach reflected his belief in dialogue and non-violence while keeping India’s national interests at the forefront.
In 1915, Madan Mohan Malviya played a major role in establishing the Hindu Mahasabha, which aimed to protect Hindu rights and promote cultural values. However, unlike extremist ideologues, Malviya’s vision was inclusive and based on harmony among communities.
Madan Mohan Malviya popularized the national motto “Satyamev Jayate” (Truth Alone Triumphs). This reflects his lifelong belief in the power of truth, moral courage, and ethical living. He stood firmly against social evils like untouchability and promoted education for all, including women and marginalized groups.
One of the greatest contributions of Madan Mohan Malviya was the founding of Banaras Hindu University (BHU) in 1916. His vision was to create an institution that combined the best of modern scientific education with India’s cultural and spiritual traditions.
Today, BHU stands as one of the largest residential universities in Asia, producing leaders, scholars, and innovators across fields. Malviya’s idea of education was not limited to academics but was meant to build character and instill values of service to the nation.
Madan Mohan Malviya also contributed to journalism. He was the editor of Hindi weekly Hindustan and Indian Union. Through his writings, he inspired people to unite for India’s independence and fight against colonial exploitation. His efforts in media created a strong sense of nationalism among Indians.
Mahatma Gandhi gave him the title of Mahamana, which means “great soul.” Dr. S. Radhakrishnan described him as a Karmayogi, someone who dedicates his entire life to selfless service. These titles reflect the immense respect Malviya commanded across society.
In 2014, Madan Mohan Malviya was posthumously awarded India’s highest civilian award, the Bharat Ratna. This honor recognized his lifelong contributions to education, politics, and the Indian independence movement.
Madan Mohan Malviya envisioned an India that was united, educated, and morally strong. His contributions to education, politics, and social reform continue to inspire generations.
Even today, Madan Mohan Malviya is remembered as a guiding light for students, teachers, and leaders. His belief in combining modern knowledge with India’s rich traditions remains highly relevant in the present times.
Madan Mohan Malviya was much more than a freedom fighter. He was a visionary leader, educationist, social reformer, and nationalist who shaped modern India. His role in founding Banaras Hindu University, his leadership in the Indian National Congress, and his commitment to truth and morality earned him a permanent place in Indian history.
By balancing modern education with Indian values, Madan Mohan Malviya created a legacy that continues to shine. His life is an inspiration for all who believe in education, unity, and service to the nation.
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