Introduction to Central Information Commission

The Central Information Commission (CIC) was established in 2005 under the Right to Information Act (RTI Act) by the Central Government. It plays a vital role in upholding transparency and accountability in the functioning of public authorities under the Central Government and Union Territories. The Central Information Commission hears grievances, complaints, and appeals regarding information requests denied or mishandled by public authorities.

Powers and Functions of the Central Information Commission

Inquiry into Complaints and Appeals

The Central Information Commission has the legal authority to receive complaints from individuals who have been denied access to information under the RTI Act. It investigates these complaints and ensures appropriate resolution.

Order Disclosure of Information

If it finds that information was unjustly withheld, the Central Information Commission can direct public authorities to disclose the requested information.

Impose Penalties on Officials

For violations such as refusal to accept RTI applications, providing false or misleading information, or delays in disclosure, the Central Information Commission can impose a penalty of ₹250 per day, up to ₹25,000.

Recommend Disciplinary Action

The Central Information Commission may recommend disciplinary actions against erring Central Public Information Officers (CPIOs) for repeated violations of the RTI Act.

Inspection of Records and Summoning Authority

The Central Information Commission can inspect records, summon individuals, enforce attendance, and take sworn testimonies to support investigations. It holds authority equivalent to a civil court.

Directions and Suo Motu Disclosures

The CIC can issue directives related to record keeping, prompt disclosures, and receive complaints on inability to file RTI applications. It also promotes proactive transparency under Section 4 of the RTI Act.

Challenges Facing the Central Information Commission

Backlog and Delays

There are over 2.2 lakh pending RTI cases in both Central and State Commissions. On average, a complaint or appeal takes 388 days to resolve, undermining the RTI's purpose.

Pending Vacancies and Gender Imbalance

Vacancies in the Central Information Commission and State Information Commissions continue to affect efficiency. A staggering 41% of ICs have never had a female commissioner, and only 9% of commissioners nationwide are women.

Lack of Penalty Enforcement

Though violations are frequent (approx. 59%), penalties are imposed in just 2.2% of resolved cases, weakening deterrence.

Opaque Functioning and Limited Access

Only 8 out of 29 commissions allow public access to hearings. Most commissions have no clear guidelines for open hearings, and some restrict participation only to the complainant and respondent.

Way Forward for Strengthening the Central Information Commission

Proactive Disclosure and Transparency

Emphasizing proactive disclosure under Section 4 should be the norm. The Central Information Commission must ensure that secrecy remains the exception.

Timely Filling of Vacancies

Vacancies should be filled swiftly and transparently, as directed by the Supreme Court, to enhance the efficiency of the Central Information Commission.

Digitization and Record Management

Urgent digitization of government records is needed to streamline RTI processes and promote easy access to information.

Awareness and Education

Large-scale awareness campaigns must be undertaken to educate citizens about their rights under the RTI Act and the functioning of the Central Information Commission.

Conclusion

The Central Information Commission serves as a vital pillar of India's democratic framework, ensuring accountability and transparency in governance. To empower citizens and uphold the right to information, the CIC must address its operational challenges, improve gender diversity, and promote digital transparency. A stronger, more responsive Central Information Commission is crucial for the future of open governance in India.