Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild fauna and flora (CITES) marks 50 years

The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) marks 50 years since it entered into force.

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Context

  • The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) marks 50 years since it entered into force. 

About the Treaty

  • Origin: CITES (the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora) is a pioneering global agreement originally conceived in 1963 at a meeting of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).
  • Aims and Scope: Its goal is to ensure that international trade in wild animals and plants does not threat their survival.
  • It operates through a licensing system that regulates all import, export, and re-export of listed species and their parts or derivatives.
  • Administration and Structure: The CITES Secretariat is administered by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) in Geneva, Switzerland.
  • As of 2024, there are 185 Parties (countries or regional organizations) to CITES.
  • Though CITES is legally binding on its Parties, it does not replace national laws. Instead, each Party must implement CITES through its own domestic legislation.

Important Initiatives 

  • Monitoring the Illegal Killing of Elephants (MIKE) Programme: Adopted at the 10th CoP Harare (1997), this site-based system monitors trends in the illegal killing of elephants across Africa and Asia. 
  • International Consortium on Combating Wildlife Crime (ICCWC): Launched in 2010, ICCWC is a partnership between CITES and other organizations to support national law enforcement agencies in combating wildlife and forest crime.
  • Strategic Vision 2021–2030: This framework guides CITES’ efforts to ensure wildlife trade supports global biodiversity goals, sustainable development, and the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework. 
  • CITES Tree Species Programme: Launched in 2024, focuses on improving the management and sustainable use of tree species listed under CITES.

Conclusion 

  • CITES is an legally binding treaty that needs to be implemented by nation-states in word and spirit for halting illegal trade in spices.


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