SYNTRICHIA CANINERVIS (Syllabus GS Paper 3 – Env and Eco)

Context: Scientists have identified a species of desert moss called 'Syntrichia caninervis' that could be a game-changer for future space exploration and colonisation efforts.

Syntrichia caninervis

• About: It is one of the most abundant desert mosses globally.
• Global Distribution: Found extensively across dryland regions, including the Gurbantunggut and Tengger Deserts (China), Mojave Desert (USA), Pamir Mountains, Tibet, Middle East, Antarctica, and circumpolar regions.
• Environmental Adaptations

oEnvironmental Tolerance: Exhibits remarkable tolerance to drought, cold, and radiation stress.

oDesiccation Tolerance: Can recover within seconds after losing more than 98% of its water content.

oFreezing Tolerance: Capable of withstanding ultra-low temperatures down to −196°C.

oRadiation Resistance: Shows exceptional resistance to gamma radiation, with a half-lethal dose estimated at 5,000 Gy.

• Adaptation: Uses tiny hairs (awns) on leaf ends to collect water, supplementing water collected by leaves themselves.
  

  Moss

  • Plant Classification: Mosses are flowerless, spore-producing plants with spores formed in small capsules.
  • Global Distribution: Found worldwide except in saltwater, commonly in moist, shady locations.
  • Habitat and Role: Often carpet woodland and forest floors, contributing to nutrient release by breaking down substrata.
  • Ecological Role: Aid in soil erosion control, provide surface cover, absorb water, and contribute to nutrient and water economy of vegetation.
  • Economic Importance: Some species, like Sphagnum mosses, such as those forming peat, have significant economic value.