SUTLEJ RIVER (Syllabus: GS Paper 1 – Geography)

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Context: Supreme Court of India has expressed deep concern about the deteriorating condition of the Sutlej river, a historically perennial river in North India.

Sutlej River

  • About: It is longest of the five tributaries of the Indus River that give the Punjab (meaning “Five Rivers”) region its name. 
  • Origin: On the north slope of the Himalayas in Lake Rakshastal in southwestern Tibet.
  • Drainage Basin: Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, Ladakh and Haryana.
  • Flow Through Punjab: The river then flows through Punjab near Nangal before meeting the Beas River.
  • Formation of Border: The merger of these two rivers goes on to form 105 Km of the India-Pakistan border.
  • Course: The river continues to flow for another 350 Km before joining the Chenab River.
  • Formation of Panjnad: The combination of the Sutlej and Chenab Rivers form the Panjnad, which finally flows into the Indus River.
  • Length: 1550 km, out of which 529 km is in Pakistan.
  • Major Tributaries:  Baspa, Spiti, Nogli Khad, and Soan River being its main ones.
  • Water Allocation: Water from the Sutlej River has been allocated to India according to the Indus Waters Treaty of 1960.
  • Hydroelectric Projects: There are several major hydroelectric projects on the Sutlej, including the 1,000 MW Bhakra Dam, the 1,000 MW Karcham Wangtoo Hydroelectric Plant, and the 1,530 MW Nathpa Jhakri Dam.

o The only trans-Himalayan river in India, the Sutlej, has turned into a rivulet because of the construction of several dams, changing the entire ecosystem and eco-chain.



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