o Participants: Around 100 heads of state, along with thousands of scientists, researchers, and activists.
o Goals: Focused on operational, action-driven discussions addressing key areas such as governance, financing, and knowledge sharing.
o Significance: Similar to the Paris Agreement, this conference could lead to an international pact aligned with the UN's Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDG 14 (Life Below Water).
o Aim: To manage and protect the high seas, which cover over 60% of the ocean, addressing issues like hydrocarbon pollution, illegal fishing, and the protection of endangered species.
o Agreement: Agreed upon in March 2023 and is open for signature for two years starting September 2023.
o Features: It would define and demarcate marine protected areas in biodiversity-rich zones of oceans that are under stress.
o Enforcement: It will be an international legally binding treaty after it enters force 120 days after the 60th ratification, acceptance, approval or accession.
ü Parties cannot exercise sovereign rights over marine resources derived from high seas.
o Significance: Enhance India’s strategic presence in areas beyond EEZ.
ü Contribute to achieving several SDGs, particularly SDG14 (Life Below Water);
ü Strengthen India’s marine conservation efforts, open new avenues for scientific research and development etc.
ü Promotes using traditional knowledge and best available scientific knowledge.
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