RNA Silencing: According to the U.N. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) plant diseases and pests are responsible for nearly 40% of global crop losses, costing over $220 billion annually, with plant viruses contributing more than $30 billion to these losses. Among the most destructive of these viruses is the Cucumber Mosaic Virus (CMV).
o Infected plants show mosaic discoloration, stunted growth, malformed fruits, and severe yield loss.
o CMV affects over 1,200 plant species, including key food and medicinal crops.
o CMV causes 25-30% crop loss in bananas and up to 70% yield loss in pumpkins, melons, and cucumbers.
o Host-Induced Gene Silencing (HIGS): Genetically modified plants produce virus-specific dsRNA, in their own cells offering long-term immunity but facing regulatory and cost challenges.
o Spray-Induced Gene Silencing (SIGS): External application of dsRNA, providing an eco-friendly, cost-effective solution without genetic modification.
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The UPSC Civil Services Exam has three parts:
This exam is tough, but with the right guidance, it becomes easy to manage. Students must study smart and stay regular.
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