8.QUAD: India and the US announced new QUAD initiatives and launched the Indian Ocean Strategic Venture.
o 2007: Proposed by Japan’s PM Shinzo Abe; formed during an informal ASEAN meeting.
o 2012: Concept of ‘Democratic Security Diamond’ proposed by Japan, including US, Japan, India & Australia.
o 2020: Malabar naval exercises expanded to include Australia, marking the first Quad military exercise in a decade.
o 2021: First Quad leaders' virtual meeting; released joint statement ‘The Spirit of the Quad’.