Nuclear Fusion

Recently, the experimental China's EAST reactor maintained operational state for over 1,000 seconds (17 minutes), setting a new record.

• About: Nuclear fusion is the process by which two light atomic nuclei combine to form a single heavier one while releasing massive amounts of energy.

o Fusion reactions take place in a state of matter called plasma — a hot, charged gas made of positive ions and free-moving electrons with unique properties distinct from solids, liquids or gases.

• Extreme Conditions for Fusion: Requires hundreds of millions of degrees Celsius – hotter than the Sun’s core.

o1 gram of fusion fuel = energy of 8 tonnes of coal. The uses abundant hydrogen isotopes (deuterium & tritium), emits zero emissions, and generates no nuclear waste.

• ITER – The Largest Fusion Reactor: International collaboration with India as one of 7 key members, which is located in France, under development since 2005.

o Expected to start deuterium-tritium fusion by 2039, generating 500 MW.