Nipha virus : Kerala recently reported a fresh case of Nipah virus infection, signaling the state's renewed struggle with the rare but deadly zoonotic virus, known for its high fatality rate and potential to trigger epidemics.
o The virus, which primarily spreads through fruit bats and contaminated food, poses a significant public health threat due to its rapid progression and lack of specific treatment
o Zoonotic pathogen: Zoonotic pathogen known for its high fatality rate and potential for human-to-human transmission.
o Family: The virus belongs to a new genus termed Henipavirus (subfamily Paramyxovirinae).
o Origin: First identified in Malaysia in 1998; outbreaks have since occurred in South and Southeast Asia, including India and Bangladesh.
o Transmission: Through contact with infected bats, pigs, or humans; often via contaminated fruits or bodily fluids.
o Symptoms: Fever, headache, respiratory issues, followed by encephalitis (brain inflammation) in severe cases.
o Fatality Rate: Can range from 40% to 75% depending on outbreak conditions and response.
o Guidelines issued for infection control, hospital isolation protocols, and community awareness .
o WHO and ICMR are monitoring the situation closely, with efforts to expedite vaccine research and diagnostics .
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