METAL-AIR BATTERIES (Syllabus: GS Paper 3 – Sci and Tech)

Context: Researchers from CSIR-CMERI, Durgapur, have developed a new cathode material that can serve as a catalyst in Metal-air batteries, potentially enhancing battery performance.

Metal-Air Batteries

• About: Metal-air batteries are energy storage systems based on electrochemical charge/discharge reactions between a positive “Air Electrode” (cathode) and a negative “Metal Electrode” (anode).
• Composition: The negative electrode is typically made from metals such as Li, Zn, Al, Fe, or Na, while the positive electrode usually contains porous carbon material and a catalyst.
• Electrolyte Types: The electrolyte in these batteries can be aqueous or non-aqueous, as seen in Li-Air systems.

Advantages of Metal-Air Batteries

• Higher Energy Density: Metal-air batteries offer a higher energy density compared to lithium-ion batteries.
• Accessibility: They utilize readily available metals in India, making them more accessible than lithium-ion batteries.
• Cost-Effective Production: Local production of these batteries helps reduce import costs.
• Environment-Friendly: They are recyclable and present a safer alternative to lithium-ion batteries, which can pose environmental hazards.

Applications of Metal-Air Batteries

• Large-Scale Stationary Storage: Suitable for large-scale stationary energy storage applications.
• Transportation: Can be used in various transportation applications.
• Renewable Generation: Effective for storing energy from renewable sources.