LIVER FATTY DISEASE (Syllabus: GS Paper 3 – Sci and Tech)

Context: This year's theme for International Fatty Liver Day, observed annually in June, is 'Act Now, Screen Today', emphasizing the importance of early screening and intervention for liver health.

Liver Fatty Disease

• About: It is a condition in which fat builds up in your liver. 
• There are two main types:

oNonalcoholic fatty liver disease: NAFLD is a form of liver disease characterized by the accumulation of fat in the liver unrelated to alcohol consumption. There are two types:

üSimple fatty liver: Involves fat accumulation without significant inflammation or liver cell damage. It typically does not progress to cause liver damage or complications.

üNonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH): Involves inflammation and liver cell damage alongside fat accumulation. This condition can lead to liver fibrosis (scarring), and in severe cases, may progress to cirrhosis or liver cancer.

oAlcoholic fatty liver disease: It is due to heavy alcohol use

ü Also called alcoholic steatohepatitis

• Symptoms: Both non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and alcoholic fatty liver disease typically manifest as silent conditions with minimal or no symptoms.
• Treatment: Usually the first line of treatment is to lose weight. It helps reduce fat, inflammation, and scarring in your liver.