Farmers are demanding the approval of Bollgard-3, a pest-resistant GM cotton variety developed by Monsanto.
o Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is a soil-dwelling bacterium with insecticidal properties.
o Bt genes have been inserted into crops like cotton to provide insect-repellent properties.
o Bollgard-1 was introduced in India in 2002, followed by Bollgard-2 in 2006, which is still in use.
o However, Bollgard-2 is ineffective against whitefly and pink bollworm, which emerged in Punjab in 2015-16 and 2018-19, respectively.
oBollgard-3 is particularly effective against lepidopteran pests like pink bollworm.
o Bollgard-3 is not yet available in India, but Bollgard-2 Roundup Ready Flex (BG-2RRF) is closer to approval.
o BG-2RRF trials were conducted in 2012-13, but its commercial use is still pending regulatory approval.
o BG-2RRF makes cotton more tolerant to herbicides, helping farmers control weeds without harming the crop, leading to better yields.
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