Arctic Council

Arctic Council: Recently, the International observers have raised concerns over rising tensions in the Arctic, warning that unchecked disputes could lead to conflict in the region.

• About the Arctic Council: The Arctic is controlled by eight countries: Canada, Denmark (Greenland), Finland, Iceland, Norway, Russia, Sweden, and the U.S.
• These nations form the Arctic Council, which focuses on environmental protection, scientific research, and indigenous rights.
• Nations exercise sovereignty over Arctic land and exploit resources within their EEZs.
  • Waters between territories are under international jurisdiction, ensuring freedom of navigation.
  • Why Does the Arctic Matter?

  o 2009 U.S. Geological Survey: Arctic holds 13% of undiscovered oil and 30% of untapped natural gas reserves.

  o Greenland has rich deposits of rare earth elements, attracting Chinese investment, though some projects were suspended due to environmental and U.S. political concerns.

  o Melting sea ice is opening new trade routes, particularly the Northeast Passage along Russia’s Arctic coast: could shorten East Asia-Europe trade by 8,000 km compared to the Suez Canal route, and China seeks access via the Polar Silk Road, but Russia remains cautious.