AGNI I MISSILE (Syllabus: GS Paper 3 – Sci and Tech)

Context: Recently, the training launch of the Short-Range Ballistic Missile 'Agni-1' was successfully conducted from APJ Abdul Kalam Island, Odisha, showcasing the proven very high precision of the missile system.

Agni I Missile

• Range and Classification: Agni-1 is classified as a medium-range ballistic missile (MRBM) with an operational range of 700–900 km.
• Propulsion: This missile operates on a single-stage, solid-fuel propulsion system.
• Payload Capability: Capable of carrying a nuclear warhead, Agni-1 boasts an estimated payload capacity of 1,000 kg.
• Technological Upgrades: Recent enhancements include a more precise guidance system and an upgraded warhead, enhancing both accuracy and destructive power.
• Mobility and Strategic Advantage: Its road-mobile design ensures high mobility, making it a challenging target for adversaries.
• Deployment: Agni-1 underwent its maiden test-fire in 2002, followed by deployment by the Indian Army’s Strategic Forces Command in 2007.
• Origins and Development Program: Originating from the 1983 Integrated Guided Missile Development Program (IGMDP), Agni-1 represents a significant milestone in India's missile development efforts.

IGMDP

• About: Initiated in 1982–83, the program aimed at the Research and Development (R&D) of a diverse array of missiles in India, spearheaded by Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam.
• Nodal Ministry: The Ministry of Defence administered this program, with operational management entrusted to the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO).

Types of Missiles under the Programme 

• Short Range Surface to Surface Missile (SSM) ‘Prithvi’
• Long Range Surface to Surface Missile (SSM) ‘Agni’
• Medium Range Surface to Air Missile (SAM) ‘Akash’
• Short Range Surface to Air Missile (SAM) ‘Trishul’
• Anti-tank Guided Missile (ATGM) ‘Nag’.