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    •     Daily Highlights (2 min series)     2 Minute Series_08th August 2025

    2 Minute Series_08th August 2025

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    1. Ectopic Pregnancy: Recently, in Bulandshahr, Uttar Pradesh, doctors identified an extremely rare case of intrahepatic ectopic pregnancy, where a foetus was growing in a woman’s liver.
    • About Ectopic Pregnancy : Occurs when a fertilised egg implants outside the uterus, most often in the fallopian tube (tubal pregnancy).
    • It can also occur in other locations such as: Ovary, Abdominal cavity and Cervix (lower part of the uterus connecting to the vagina)
    • In such cases, the fertilised egg attaches to a structure other than the uterus, making it non-viable.
    • Causes: Blockage in the movement of the fertilised egg towards the uterus due to :
      • Inflammation or scarring of the fallopian tubes.
      • Damage to the fallopian tubes from previous surgeries or infections.
      • Irregular shape or structural abnormalities of the fallopian tube.
    • Symptoms: Missed period, Nausea and Breast tenderness
      • Later or Severe Symptoms: Vaginal bleeding, Lower abdominal pain, Pelvic and back pain, Dizziness or fainting, Shoulder pain, Discomfort during bowel movements and Low blood pressure (in severe cases)
    2. Digital Bharat Nidhi (DBN) initiative: Recently, the Minister of State for Communications & Rural Development stated that the government is actively strengthening telecom infrastructure in rural and semi-urban India under the Digital Bharat Nidhi (DBN) initiative.
    • Key Initiatives Funded by DBN: Comprehensive Telecom Development Plan (CTDP) – Mobile connectivity in the North Eastern Region, Andaman & Nicobar Islands, and Lakshadweep.
      • Mobile Services Expansion – Coverage in Left Wing Extremism (LWE)–affected areas and Aspirational Districts.
      • 4G Saturation Campaign – High-speed 4G in uncovered villages.
      • Revamped BharatNet Project – Broadband to Gram Panchayats and villages.
      • 5G & Infrastructure Push – Spectrum auctions for 5G services.
    • About DBN: Established under the Telecommunications Act, 2023 to fund telecom projects in underserved rural/remote areas at affordable rates.
      • Replaced the Universal Service Obligation Fund (USOF) set up under the Indian Telegraph Act, 1885.
    3. Vegetable Oil Products, Production and Availability (Regulation) Order, 2011: Recently, the Department of Food and Public Distribution (DFPD) under the Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution notified amendments to the Vegetable Oil Products, Production and Availability (Regulation) Order, 2011 (VOPPA Regulation Order, 2011).
    • Key Highlights : Legal Basis: Order originally framed under the Essential Commodities Act, 1955 after repeal of older regulations by the Food Safety and Standards Act, 2006.
      • Objective: Align provisions with institutional changes after the 2014 merger of two key directorates. Strengthen edible oil data collection using the Collection of Statistics Act, 2008.
      • Expected Benefits: Better visibility on domestic production, imports, and stock levels.
        • Timely policy interventions (e.g., import duty changes, facilitating imports) to balance supply-demand.
        • Improved interface, simplified return submission forms for ease of compliance.
    4. Notary Portal: Recently, the Government of India launched the Notary Portal — a dedicated online platform aimed at streamlining services under the Notaries Act, 1952 and the Notaries Rules, 1956.
    • About Notary Portal :The portal aims to provide a faceless, paperless, and transparent system, reducing manual processes and enhancing efficiency in notarial work.
      • Key Features : The portal serves as an online interface between Notaries appointed by the Central Government and the Ministry of Law and Justice. It offers multiple digital services, including:
        • Submission of applications for appointment as a Notary
        • Eligibility verification for new appointments
        • Issuance of digitally signed Certificates of Practice
        • Renewal of Certificates of Practice
        • Request for change of practice area
        • Submission of annual returns
      • As of July, 2025, more than 34,900 digitally signed Certificates of Practice have been issued to newly appointed Notaries across various States and Union Territories through the portal.
    5. IUCN and TRAFFIC Report : Recently, a report by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and TRAFFIC praised India and Nepal for strengthening monitoring and surveillance measures, which have significantly reduced poaching of the greater one-horned rhino (Rhinoceros unicornis).
    • Key Findings : India and Nepal’s strengthened anti-poaching measures have significantly curbed rhino poaching.
      • Effective field monitoring, patrolling, and intelligence gathering credited for success.
      • Total estimated population (March 2025): 4,075 (India: 3,323; Nepal: 752).
      • Increase of 61 rhinos since CoP19 report (2022).
      • Steady rise since 2007: India: 2,150 (2007) → 3,323 (2024) and Nepal: 413 (2007) → 752 (2024).
    6. TRISO Nuclear Fuel: Recently, the US Department of Energy (DOE) named Standard Nuclear as the first company to develop next-generation TRISO nuclear fuel, a move intended to cut dependence on Russian uranium and enhance domestic supply chains.
    • About TRISO Nuclear Fuel : Stands for TRi-structural ISOtropic Particle Fuel
      • A high-performance nuclear fuel designed for advanced reactors, offering greater safety and efficiency.
      • Developed through collaboration between the US Department of Energy (DOE) and private companies such as BWX Technologies.
    • How is it Formed: Core fuel kernel made of uranium, carbon, and oxygen.
      • Encased in three protective carbon–ceramic layers to prevent radiation leakage.
      • Particles are seed-sized but can be shaped into pellets or pebbles for reactor use.
    • Key Features: Extreme Durability – Resistant to neutron irradiation, corrosion, oxidation, and very high temperatures.
      • Self-Contained Safety – Each particle acts as its own containment, reducing radiation risk.
      • Versatile Application – Suitable for molten salt and high-temperature gas-cooled reactors.
    • Significance: Supports next-generation small modular reactors (SMRs) and Gen-IV reactors.
      • Reduces US reliance on Russian uranium.
      • Boosts clean energy security and promotes nuclear innovation.
    7. SheLeads II : Recently, the Union Minister for Women and Child Development launched the second edition of SheLeads II: Workshop for Women Leaders, the flagship capacity-building initiative of UN Women.
    • About SheLeads Programme: Organiser: UN Women India Country Office.
      • Objective: To promote gender equality in public and political leadership by empowering women to contest upcoming Lok Sabha and State Assembly elections.
      • Approach: Providing women with the platforms, skills, and networks needed for impactful leadership.
        • Preparing them to take up roles in policy-making and governance that reflect the aspirations of all citizens.
      • Significance: Strengthens women’s capacity to lead from the front in political and public spheres.
        • Contributes to making the development agenda more inclusive and representative.
    8. Haemophilia : Recently, haemophilia care has been transforming — moving from reactive bleed management to proactive prevention through prophylaxis, with new therapies aiming to not only rebalance the body’s clotting system but also restore it, bringing the long-sought goal of “zero bleeds” closer to reality.
    • About Haemophilia : A rare inherited bleeding disorder caused by a deficiency of clotting factors, most commonly Factor VIII in Haemophilia A.
      • Leads to severely reduced blood clotting ability, where even minor injuries can result in excessive bleeding.
      • Can cause spontaneous internal bleeding into joints and muscles, leading to pain, disability, and potentially life-threatening complications such as brain bleeds.
      • Caused by a mutation in genes responsible for producing clotting factor proteins; these genes are located on the X chromosome, making men more vulnerable.
      • Prevalence: Around 1 in 10,000 births
    • India’s Diagnosis Gap: Estimated cases: 1–1.5 lakh (based on global prevalence).
      • Diagnosed cases: ~29,000 (only about 20% identified).
      • Key barriers to diagnosis: Low public and medical awareness.
        • Limited diagnostic facilities.
        • Socio-economic constraints restricting access to testing and treatment.
    9. Albino Indian Flapshell Turtle : Recently, a rare albino Indian flapshell turtle, distinguished by its bright yellow shell and skin, was spotted in a freshwater lake at Chikodra village, Gujarat.

    • About Albino Indian Flapshell Turtle : Scientific Name: Lissemys punctata
      • Type: Freshwater turtle, common in tropical South Asia.
      • Distribution: Found in Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bangladesh, and Myanmar.
      • Habitat: Prefers shallow, quiet, often stagnant waters such as rivers, streams, marshes, ponds, lakes, irrigation canals, and tanks.
        • Favors sand or mud-bottom waters due to burrowing habits.
      • Key Features: Possesses femoral flaps extending from the shell to cover limbs when withdrawn.
        • Oval soft shell shows evolutionary link to hardshell turtles.
        • Size: Can grow up to 370 mm in length.
        • Lifespan: Around 20 years.
        • Diet: Omnivorous.
        • Behaviour: Generally solitary, active during the day.
        • Adaptability: Can survive extreme droughts for 120–160 days.
      • Conservation Status: IUCN Red List: Vulnerable
        • CITES: Appendix I
        • Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972: Schedule I
    • Albinism: A rare genetic condition affecting melanin production, influencing pigmentation in skin, hair, and eyes across species.Caused by a mutation inherited from both parents (recessive trait).
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