Suicides Cases among Students

Student suicides in India remain a grave concern with over 7.6% of total suicides in 2022. Learn about key causes, affected states, government mental health initiatives, and proposed reforms to address the crisis in education.

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Context

  • Recently, the Union Minister of State for Education presented in response to a written question in Parliament, highlighting student suicides in India.

Students Suicide In India

  • According to the NCRB’s Accidental Deaths and Suicides in India (ADSI) Report, 7.6% of total suicides in 2022 were by students, 2,248 student suicides were directly attributed to exam failure.
  • It marks a slight decline from 8.0% in 2021 and 8.2% in 2020.
  • Gender-wise: Male student suicides are higher than female student suicides.
  • Most affected 3 States: Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, and Madhya Pradesh.

Factors Responsible for the Issue 

  • Individual vulnerabilities: Low self-esteem, impulsivity, trauma histories, history of physical or sexual abuse, and learning and intellectual disability.
  • Family Pressures: Over-anxious and over-ambitious parents, dysfunctional family, criticisms, comparisons with peers and lack of support in the family, alcoholism, violence, psychological and economic problems in the family increases suicidal risk.
  • Systemic flaws: One-point evaluation, media hype around results, and lack of career guidance.
  • Institutional stressors: Pressure on teachers and students to achieve 100% pass rates.

Key Initiatives

  • Tele-MANAS Programme: A national tele-mental health helpline (dial 14416), with over 1.36 million calls handled across 42 centers in 31 states & UTs .
  • District Mental Health Programme (DMHP): Offers suicide prevention services and life skills training in schools.
  • National Suicide Prevention Strategy (NSPS): Aims to reduce suicide rates by 10% by 2030 through media sensitization, healthcare strengthening, and limiting access to lethal means.
  • Manodarpan Programme: A flagship initiative by the Ministry of Education offering psychological support through helplines and live sessions.
    • It has reached lakhs of students across the country.
  • Anti-Drug Campaigns: Recognizing addiction as a rising issue among youth, the Centre has intensified outreach efforts alongside mental health support.
  • UGC Advisories: Urges higher education institutions to prioritize physical fitness, emotional well-being, and student welfare.
  • Stress Management Workshops: Institutions like IIT-Madras, IIT-Delhi, and IIT-Guwahati have begun conducting resilience-building sessions under the Malaviya Mission Teacher Training Programme.

Way Ahead

  • The Ministry of Education is drafting legislation to establish the Higher Education Commission of India (HECI) — a unified regulatory body aimed at improving governance and transparency in higher education.
    • It aligns with the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020, which advocates for a ‘light but tight’ regulatory framework.
    • Currently, higher education oversight is fragmented:
      • UGC: Non-technical education
      • AICTE: Technical institutions
      • NCTE: Teacher education
  • HECI aims to integrate these functions under a single regulator, building on a 2018 draft bill that proposed repealing the UGC Act.


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