India’s Third Voluntary National Review 2025 on SDGs: Key Highlights by NITI Aayog

NITI Aayog presented India’s Third Voluntary National Review (VNR) 2025 at the UN High-Level Political Forum, showcasing progress on poverty reduction, clean energy, digital infrastructure, and Sustainable Development Goals.

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Context

  • NITI Aayog presented India’s Third Voluntary National Review (VNR) Report on SDGs at the Ministerial Segment of the High-Level Political Forum (HLPF) on SDGs, convened by the Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) of the United Nations.

About

  • The VNR 2025, prepared under the stewardship of NITI Aayog and was developed through a wide-ranging consultative process involving state and Union Territory governments, civil society organisations, development partners, and the private sector.
  • The report outlines India’s achievements over the past ten years across a wide spectrum of development indicators.
  • This VNR marks India’s third submission to the HLPF, reaffirming the country’s sustained commitment to the UN 2030 Agenda for SDGs.

Key Highlights

  • Progress on Agenda 2030: While global progress lags, India is making steady gains.
  • SDG 1 (No poverty): Around 248 million individuals estimated to have escaped Multidimensional Poverty (MPI) between 2013-14 and 2022-23. 
  • SDG 2 (Zero Hunger): PM Garib Kalyan Anna Yojana has ensured nutritional support for millions.
  • SDG 3 (Good Health and Wellbeing): Out of pocket expenditure as a percentage of Total Health Expenditure has declined from 48.8% in 2017-18 to 39.4% in 2020-21.
  • Clean Energy: Programmes like the National Green Hydrogen Mission, PM-KUSUM, and PM Surya Ghar Muft Bijli Yojana are strengthening India’s transition to clean energy.
  • Digital Public Infrastructure: Digital India, Aadhaar, and Unified Payments Interface (UPI) have empowered India's diverse population.
    • UPI accounts for 49% of global real-time payments.

SDG Implementation in India

  • India has made significant strides in localising Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) through robust, data-driven governance frameworks. Tools such as the SDG India Index, the North-Eastern Region District SDG Index, and the National Multidimensional Poverty Index have enhanced monitoring and evaluation mechanisms at national and sub-national levels. 
  • Flagship initiatives like the Aspirational Districts Programme (ADP) and the Aspirational Blocks Programme (ABP) further exemplify India’s commitment to ensuring last-mile delivery and saturation of essential government services, particularly in underserved and developmentally lagging regions.

About High-Level Political Forum (HLPF)

  • Genesis: Established in 2012 at United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development (Rio+20) in its outcome "The Future We Want".
  • Objective: It is the central United Nations platform for the follow-up and review of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and its 17 SDGs.
  • Meeting: It meets every year under the auspices of the Economic and Social Council, and every four years under the auspices of the General Assembly.

Conclusion

  • Agenda 2030 is aligned with India’s long-term vision of Viksit Bharat @2047 – a developed India by its 100th year of independence – underscoring an integrated development strategy grounded in inclusion, innovation, and institutional strength.


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