theIASHub | 25 Mar, 2025 | 4
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Ram Manohar Lohia: On March 23, the 115th birth anniversary of Ram Manohar Lohia, Indian Prime Minister remembered him as a “visionary leader, fierce freedom fighter, and an icon of social justice.”
o Lohia’s Sapta Kranti (Seven Revolutions): Gender equality → Political, economic, race-based equality →Caste destruction → Opposition to foreign domination → Economic equality, planned production → opposition to private property → Protection of individual freedoms → Opposition to arms and weapons, promotion of satyagraha.
o Lohia laid the ideological groundwork for OBC empowerment, influencing the Mandal movement in Northern India.
o His slogan “Pichhada Pave Sau Me Saath” called for 60% reservation for backward classes, seeing gender injustice as the primary injustice.
o Supported intersectional approaches to social justice, addressing caste, class, and gender inequalities.
o Promoted a vision of decolonisation, social and economic egalitarianism, and offered the blueprint for a new form of radicalism.
United Nations Environment Programme’s Food Waste Index Report (FWIR) 2024: In 2022, the world wasted 1.05 billion tonnes of food — nearly 20% of all food available to consumers, as per the FWIR report.
o Food Wastage: Includes edible and inedible parts discarded from the food supply chain, from manufacturing and retail to restaurants and households.
o Food Loss: Occurs earlier in the supply chain due to poor storage, transport, and handling.
o India discards about 78 million tonnes of food annually, while over 20 crore Indians go to bed hungry.
o Resource-intensive production: Wasting food means wasting land, water, and energy.
o Contributes 10%-12% of total municipal waste in India, leading to methane emissions from landfills.
o Global emissions: Food loss and waste generate 8%-10% of annual greenhouse gas emissions.
o If food waste were a country, it would be the third-largest emitter after China and the U.S.
DNA Fingerprinting: DNA fingerprints can establish parent/child relationships, help identify individuals from mortal remains at disaster sites, and exonerate wrongly accused convicts.
o Sperm and egg cells have only one copy of the genome each, unlike other cells.
o Chromosomes: DNA is packed inside chromosomes (e.g., chromosome no. 3 contains 6.5% of total DNA).
o Polymorphisms: Differences in DNA, called polymorphisms, help differentiate individuals and trace ancestry.
o STRs (Short Tandem Repeats): Repeated sequences of base-pairs in DNA, e.g., GATC-GATC-GATC. They are often polymorphic, making them ideal for DNA profiling.
o Identification: Used to identify individuals from teeth, bones, blood, spit, semen, skin etc.
o Forensics: Identifies suspects from crime scene materials (blood stains, sweat, spit, etc.).
o Ancestry and Parentage: Establishes parent/child relationships and traces ancestry.
o Cold Cases: Solves old cases by re-analyzing DNA from archived crime scene materials.
o Exoneration: Has helped exonerate wrongly accused convicts.
o Organ Donation: Identifies/excludes potential donors.
o Stability: DNA is highly stable — recovered from 65,000-year-old human remains.
Solar Cities in Uttar Pradesh: In the National Conference under the National Clean Air Programme (NCAP) in Gorakhpur, the Uttar Pradesh government decided to develop all 17 municipal corporations of the state as solar cities.
o Implementation of schemes like: Solar power plants, Solar street lights, and solar water-heating systems, supports the 'net-zero' target set by PM Modi for the year 2070.
o The 17 Municipal Corporations in Uttar Pradesh include: Kanpur, Lucknow, Ghaziabad, Agra, Varanasi, Prayagraj, Meerut, Bareilly, Aligarh, Moradabad, Saharanpur, Gorakhpur, Firozabad, Mathura, Ayodhya, Jhansi, and Shahjahanpur.
Exercise AIKEYME: The Indian Navy has announced maiden initiatives to enhance cooperation with Africa and the Indian Ocean Region (IOR), including the large-scale multinational exercise ‘Africa India Key Maritime Engagement (AIKEYME)’ and the deployment of Indian Ocean Ship (IOS) Sagar.
o Objective: Improve maritime cooperation and enhance maritime security and address regional threats like piracy and drug trafficking.
o Participating Countries: Tanzania (co-host), Comoros, Djibouti, Eritrea, Kenya, Madagascar, Mauritius, Mozambique, Seychelles, and South Africa.
o Focus: Increase interoperability between the Indian Navy and African navies.
Zaid Crops: Recently, the Uttar Pradesh government has included 9 zaid crops under the Kisan Credit Card (KCC) and Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY).
o Major zaid crops include cucumber, pumpkin, bitter gourd, watermelon, sugarcane, and peanut. In North India, usually sown in March-April.
o Farmers will now benefit from KCC and crop insurance for crops like groundnut, maize, green gram, urad, papaya, litchi, watermelon, melon, and amla.
o Provides easy access to agricultural loans and compensation for crop loss due to natural calamities.
o Benefits: Offers loans at low interest rates and farmers who repay on time get an interest discount of up to 3%.
o Implementing Agencies: Commercial Banks → Regional Rural Banks (RRBs) → Small Finance Banks → Co-operative Societies
o Eligibility: All farmers, including tenant farmers/holding farmers growing notified crops in notified areas.
UNESCO’s World Water Development Report (WWDR): Glaciers around the globe are disappearing faster than ever, with the last three years recording the largest glacial mass loss on record, according to a UNESCO report.
o Theme: Mountains and glaciers – Water towers.
o Ice Loss: 9,000 gigatonnes of ice lost since 1975, equal to an ice block the size of Germany with a thickness of 25 metres.
o Major Contributors: Mountain glaciers are among the largest contributors to sea level rise.
o Sea Level Rise: Between 2000 and 2023, glacier melt caused 18 mm of global sea level rise (~1 mm/year), exposing 300,000 people annually to flooding.
o Glacial Disappearance: Rwenzori Mountains’ glaciers (Uganda and DRC) expected to vanish by 2030.
o Launch: Released on World Water Day (March 22), with a different theme each year.
o Publisher: Published by UNESCO on behalf of UN-Water; coordinated by the UNESCO World Water Assessment Programme.
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