theIASHub | 01 Feb, 2025 | 5
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1.Economic Survey 2024-25: India’s GDP growth estimated at 6.4% in 2024-25, projected to grow between 6.3%-6.8% in 2025-26, according to the ES 2024-25.
o Food inflation increased from 7.5% (FY24) to 8.4% (FY25) due to supply chain disruptions and weather conditions.
o If vegetables and pulses are excluded, inflation is close to the 4% target.
o LFS report (2023-24) shows improvement in Unemployment rate, Labour force participation rate, and Worker-to-population ratio (WPR).
o Boosting employment and income generation will lead to higher consumption.
o Simplification of regulations will reduce business costs and improve hiring.
o The Economic Survey is not binding on the government. Article 112 of the Constitution refers to the budget.
o The term "budget" is not used in the Constitution; instead, it is called the "Annual Financial Statement".
2.Tiger population in India: According to the National Centre for Biological Sciences (NCBS) survey the tiger population in India increased by 30% over the past two decades.
o Source populations supported by corridors and sustainable land-use practices helped tiger dispersal into multi-use forests.
o Tigers now coexist with over 66 million people, proving coexistence is possible.
o Strong legislative support has aided tiger recovery, including - Wildlife Protection Act, Forest Conservation Act, and National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA)
o Economic prosperity and cultural values have influenced tiger persistence, recovery, and colonisation.
o Higher tiger recolonisation observed in regions with lower forest dependence and better socio-economic conditions.
o Tiger decline seen in areas with high poverty and armed conflict (e.g., Naxal-affected regions of Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand).
o Strengthen anti-poaching measures.
o Promote sustainable livelihoods for communities near tiger habitats.
o Enhance human-wildlife conflict mitigation through early warning systems and rapid response teams.
o Subspecies of tiger: the continental (Panthera tigris tigris) and the Sunda (Panthera tigris sondaica)
o Habitats: Tropical rainforests, evergreen forests, temperate forests, mangrove swamps, grasslands, and savannas
o Status: IUCN Red list – Endangered, CITES Status - Appendix 1, and Wild life protection Act Tiger Range Countries: Schedule 1
o Found: 13 countries which include India, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, Lao PDR (People's Democratic Republic), Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Russia, Thailand, Viet Nam, China and Indonesia.
3.NIPUN Bharat Mission: The Annual Status of Education Report (ASER) 2024 shows improvement in foundational learning outcomes, especially in Grade III across Indian states.
o NIPUN Bharat Mission transformed early-grade classrooms by focusing on literacy and numeracy.
o Uttar Pradesh: Ravi Sharma, a primary teacher, uses songs to teach math.
o Odisha: Second-grader Shragatika Ghosh confidently reads Odia stories aloud.
o UP: Grade III students' ability to read Grade II texts rose from 24% to 34% (2022-2024).
o Subtraction skills improved from 29% to 41%.
o Odisha: Colourful, contextualized workbooks contributed to similar gains.
o Nationally: Millions more children can read and solve basic math problems.
o Focus on: Grades III–V to bridge early learning & higher-order skills, and early Childhood Education (ECE) for preschool readiness.
o NNPE 1986: Focused on education for all, primary education, and open universities.
o POA PE 1968: Based on Kothari Commission's recommendations.
o 1992: Emphasized early childhood care and universal elementary education.
4.Large Area Additive Manufacturing (LAAM) System: Breakthrough in Large Area Additive Manufacturing (LAAM) System achieved at DRDO-Industry-Academia Centre of Excellence (DIA-CoE), IIT Hyderabad.
o Collaboration between IIT Hyderabad, DRDO’s Defence Research & Development Laboratory, and industry partners contributed to the success.
o-3m—one of the largest metal additive manufacturing machines in India.
o Based on Laser and Blown-Powder-based Direct Energy Deposition technology.
o Employs dual heads for thermal balancing and speed.
5.India Honey Alliance (IHA): Recently, the India Honey Alliance (IHA), in collaboration with NIFTEM-K, successfully hosted the ‘Hive to Home: Vision2030 - Building a Scientific & Sustainable Honey Industry’ seminar at the India International Centre.
o Brought together policymakers, scientists, and industry leaders to discuss quality assurance, sustainability, and global competitiveness in India’s honey industry.
o Called upon IHA to expand & strengthen India’s position as a leading honey producer & exporter.
o Stressed the importance of scientific advancements in testing to uphold global benchmarks & enhance credibility.
o Enhance regulatory compliance & consumer awareness.
o Develop advanced training systems for beekeepers to improve productivity & sustainability.
o Promote innovation in beekeeping practices.
6.Net-Zero Banking Alliance (NZBA): COP29 held in Azerbaijan, failed to secure a fair deal on climate finance for developing nations, within three months, six major American banks exited the Net Zero Banking Alliance (NZBA).
o Climate accelerator for UNEP Financial Initiative’s Principles for Responsible Banking (PRB).
o India Position: There is no Indian bank is a member of this alliance.
o Selected by member banks, supported by the UNEP FI Secretariat.
o United Nations holds a seat on the Steering Group.
o Operates under NZBA governance documents (adopted in Oct 2021, updated in Aug 2023 & Mar 2024).
o Set targets within 18 months of joining for 2030 or sooner, with 2050 target and intermediary targets every 5 years.
o First 2030 targets focus on GHG-intensive sectors, with further targets within 36 months.
o Annually publish absolute emissions & emissions intensity in line with best practices within a year of setting targets.
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