theIASHub | 13 Jun, 2025 | 40
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Global Gender Gap Report 2025: Recently, the World Economic Forum (WEF) released the Global Gender Gap Report 2025, highlighting persistent gender disparities across the globe.
o Global Trends: The global gender gap has closed by 68.8%, marking the strongest improvement since the COVID-19 pandemic.
o At the current pace, full global gender parity is still 123 years away.
o Bangladesh is the highest-ranked country in South Asia, climbing 75 places to secure the 24th position globally.
o India has dropped to the 131st position out of 148 countries, with a gender parity score of 64.1%, ranking below Bhutan (119), Nepal (125), and Sri Lanka (130).
o Only Maldives (138) and Pakistan (148) rank lower than India in the region.
o Annually benchmarks the current state and evolution of gender parity across different dimensions.
o Published by: World Economic Forum.
o Parameters: Economic participation and opportunity , Educational attainment , Political empowerment and Health and survival.
\State and Trends of Carbon Pricing 2025 : Recently, the World Bank's State and Trends of Carbon Pricing 2025 report highlighted a global surge in the adoption of carbon pricing instruments. About Carbon Pricing : A cost on GHG emissions, internalizing the environmental and health costs of climate change. It works through three main tools:
o Emissions Trading Systems (ETS): Also known as cap-and-trade systems where governments set emission limits, and companies can trade emission allowances.
o Carbon Taxes: Governments impose a direct tax on the carbon content of fossil fuels or on total GHG emissions
o Carbon Credit Trading Mechanisms: Credits are earned from projects that reduce or remove emissions (e.g., afforestation, clean cookstoves).
o Sectoral Coverage: The power sector has the highest coverage, followed by industry, mining, buildings, and transport, while waste and agriculture remain largely uncovered.
o India’s Carbon Market Progress: India is developing a rate-based ETS focused on emissions intensity, with performance benchmarks for heavy industries.
Arsia Mons : Recently, NASA’s 2001 Mars Odyssey spacecraft recently captured a rare and striking image of Arsia Mons, one of the largest volcanoes in the solar system.
o The image shows the giant volcano rising above a dense layer of early morning clouds on Mars.
o Massive Size: Towering at over 18 kilometers, with a base stretching over 300 kilometers, it’s far bigger than any volcano on Earth, including Hawaii’s Mauna Loa.
o Huge Crater: At the summit is a vast depression called a caldera, measuring around 110 kilometers wide, formed by collapsed magma chambers.
o How it formed: Arsia Mons likely developed gradually as layers of fluid lava built up over time, a typical trait of shield volcanoes.
o Surface Clues: Its slopes are marked by lava flows, channels, and volcanic ridges, hinting at a long and dynamic volcanic history.
o Volcanic History: Scientists believe Arsia Mons was active for billions of years, with its last eruptions possibly occurring just 2 million years ago—recent in geological terms.
Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S): Recently, the European Union’s Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) reported that May 2025 was the second-warmest May with global temperatures 1.4°C above the 19th-century average.
o Uneven Climate Action: While China and the EU have reduced emissions, regions like the U.S. under older fossil fuel policies and some large corporations have contributed to rising emissions, leading to uneven global progress.
o Operational Structure: It operates through a network of research infrastructures across Europe and the world.
o Purpose: Provides reliable data on past, present, and future climate trends to support informed decisions.
o Scientific Basis: Draws from research under the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) and user needs identified by the Global Climate Observing System (GCOS).
o Implementation: Managed by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) on behalf of the European Commission.
Himalayan Long-Tailed Myotis: Scientists have recently identified a new bat species named the Himalayan Long-Tailed Myotis (Myotis himalaicus) in the Western Himalayan region.
o Features: Medium-sized bat: About 3.5 inches long and weighs under 1 ounce. Notable for its long thumbs with short, strong claws, short ears, delicate teeth, and small feet—adapted for agile movements in forest canopies.
o Ecological Importance: Helping manage agricultural pests and disease vectors like mosquitoes.
ü Certain bats feed on nectar and fruits, assisting in pollination and seed dispersal for forest regeneration.
National Automated Fingerprint Identification System (NAFIS): Recently, the Central Government revised the procedure for the Foreigners Identification Portal (FIP) under the National Automated Fingerprint Identification System (NAFIS).
o It allows real-time access for police and law enforcement agencies to upload and search criminal fingerprint records.
o Working: Each criminal is assigned a unique 10-digit National Fingerprint Number (NFN) based on their biometric data.
ü The first two digits denote the state code, followed by an individual number.
ü This ID stays the same for life, allowing all future crimes linked to that person to be traced under one number.
o All fingerprint data is stored digitally and can be instantly matched during investigations. This makes it easier to find connections with past crimes, active warrants, or alerts in other police databases.
o Managed by the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) at the Central Fingerprint Bureau in New Delhi.
Tourette Syndrome: Recently, Tourette Syndrome has come into focus as health experts highlight its impact on children and the need for early support.
o It generally appears between the ages of 2 & 15, with most cases beginning around age 6.
o The condition affects about 0.3% to 1% of people globally and is more common in boys than in girls.
o Simple Motor Tics: Quick, repeated movements like eye blinking, shoulder shrugging, or head jerks.
o Simple Vocal Tics: Sounds such as throat-clearing, grunting, or sniffing.
o Complex Motor Tics: Involve more deliberate actions like jumping, touching objects, or body twisting.
o Complex Vocal Tics: May include repeating words (echolalia) or, rarely, inappropriate language (coprolalia).
o Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) has shown positive results in managing tics and associated anxiety.
ICPV 25444 pigeonpea: Recently, scientists have developed a new heat-tolerant variety of pigeonpea (tur dal) named ICPV 25444, using a fast-track speed breeding technique. This breakthrough aims to help India reduce pulse imports and utilize idle farmland more effectively.
o Can be grown in post-kharif rice fallows — an estimated 12 million hectares that usually remain uncultivated due to heat and water shortage.
o Features : Grows four crop generations per year, slashing development time from 15 to 5 years. Harvest-ready in just 4 months instead of the usual 6–7 months.
o Doubles yield from about 1.1–1.2 tonnes/ha to 2 tonnes/ha — improving crop rotation and farm income.
o Government Support: The Union Budget 2025–26 announced a 6-year Mission for Self-Reliance in Pulses, focusing on crops like Tur, Urad, and Masur.
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