Lokpal and Lokayukta Act, 2013 empowers anti-corruption bodies in India to act against public servants. Know features, challenges, and the way forward.
theIASHub | 12 May, 2025 | 3077
LOKPAL AND LOKAYUKTA are vital anti-corruption institutions designed to fight against the menace of corruption in India. Corruption has been a persistent threat to the nation's development, democracy, and public trust. The Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act, 2013 was enacted to establish a powerful mechanism at both the central and state levels to hold public functionaries accountable and ensure transparency in governance.
The LOKPAL AND LOKAYUKTA Act provides for the establishment of:
Lokpal is a multi-member body comprising:
The jurisdiction of LOKPAL AND LOKAYUKTA covers:
Separate wings for inquiry and prosecution ensure transparency and eliminate conflict of interest. These wings are headed by a Director of Inquiry and Director of Prosecution respectively.
LOKPAL AND LOKAYUKTA have civil court powers, authority to direct investigation, initiate prosecution, and seize properties acquired through corrupt means. They can even supervise agencies like the CBI.
On Lokpal’s recommendation, special courts are established for speedy trials under the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988 and the Lokpal Act. Clear timelines for inquiry, investigation, and trial are mandated.
LOKPAL AND LOKAYUKTA cannot act without a complaint. This limits proactive functioning.
Fear of harassment, weak whistleblower laws, and a low conviction rate discourage reporting of corruption.
Lack of operational inquiry and prosecution wings and no prosecutions till date raise concerns.
The role of Lokpal overlaps with the Central Vigilance Commission (CVC), causing confusion and inefficiency.
Reliance on government-controlled bodies like CBI weakens Lokpal’s autonomy.
No proper grievance mechanism exists against Lokpal itself, and removal of members is highly difficult.
Around 12 states have not established Lokayuktas. Others suffer due to lack of infrastructure and staff.
The 2016 amendment excluded spouses and children of public servants from mandatory asset declarations, weakening transparency.
A mere institutional setup like LOKPAL AND LOKAYUKTA is not enough; a cultural and ethical change is needed to uproot corruption.
LOKPAL AND LOKAYUKTA must be supported with:
They must differentiate between unintentional errors and deliberate corruption, use technical experts in investigations, and remain under vigilant civil society and judicial oversight to prevent misuse or political exploitation.
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