Context: According to the National Commission for Women and UN Secretary-General, there was a spike in domestic violence cases during lockdowns. This rise in domestic violence is called “shadow pandemic.”
Reasons for the spike in domestic violence
- Victims and culprits under the same roof: Most rapes are perpetrated by people known to the victim, and there has been an increase the chance for marital rape, triggering a humanitarian crisis.
- Ignorance by state, society and media: public discussion of the pandemic’s impact on gender violence is confined to domestic violence.
- There are different kinds and contexts of violence, defined by inequality and desire to control.
- For E.g. rape and sexual assault; street sexual harassment; workplace sexual harassment; custodial rape; conflict-related sexual violence; communal violence; war; drone strikes; caste violence.
- Absence of social protection
Fundamental reasons for the rise in violence
- Deep-seated inequalities in Indian society: which creates a climate where state violence is tolerated because we are conditioned to granting others power over us and condoning its abuse.
- State’s coercive order: Those who are instrumental in carrying out the state’s coercive orders internalise that sense of entitlement and leads to a proliferation of brutalisation.
- The normalisation of violence: Children who witness daily violence understand it as the normal language of human interaction.
Gender risks due to lockdown:
- Forcible girl marriages in desperation to see them safe and fed.
- Increased vulnerability of women and girls with a disability and working women.
- Possibilities of new forms of harassment in “work-from-home” culture.
Way Forward: A Systematic creation of a support infrastructure:
- Like easy access helplines, secure shelter services with enabling cultures; bystander intervention awareness; Gender violence sensitisation of the police and administration.
Conclusion: Gender-based violence was predictable, and preventable, the fallout of lockdown.