In LAC Talks, From Peace to Conflict Prevention

The Hindu     14th September 2020     Save    

Context: Future relevance of various agreements that were signed between India and China is under scanner amid the ongoing crisis in eastern Ladakh.

Short History of India-China Conflict:

  • Post-1962 war: India-China border was loosely controlled by both sides, with a fairly sparse deployment of troops.
  • Clash at Nathu La in 1967 continued the border claims.
  • China Study Group, 1976: Laid down the patrolling points and guided the scope of military activity along the LAC.
  • Change in border management: After Chinese occupation of a post in the Sumdorong Chu Valley in 1986.

Agreements over the years

  • Agreement on the Maintenance of Peace and Tranquillity along the Line of Actual Control in the India-China Border Areas, signed in 1993:
  • Formalised the LAC concept
  • Eschewed the use of force to settle the boundary issue
  • Restricted military exercises and air activity close to the LAC.
  • Problem with this agreement: India should not have accepted the term ‘LAC’ in this agreement as there was no clarity as to where this line lay on the ground
  • Reducing or limiting military forces to minimum levels 
  • Limiting the deployment of major armaments
  • 2005 Protocol:
  • Procedure to be adopted when soldiers of the two sides came to a face-to-face situation while patrolling areas where there was a differing perception of the LAC. 
  • Agreed to expand the mechanism of border meeting points and exchanges between the two militaries.
  • No mention of a reduction in military forces.

Inadequacy of the Agreements:

  • Differences in the alignment of the LAC could not be resolved.
  • Agreement on reducing military forces along the LAC to the minimum was neither seriously discussed nor implemented.

Conclusion

  • Past agreements may not work: since after Doklam: Greater aggression by both sides
  • Fundamentals Ignored: Two fundamentals of the agreements — resolution of the differing perceptions of the LAC and reduction of military forces have been ignored.
  • Focus on conflict prevention instead of talking about peace and tranquillity along the LAC.