Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis (SSPE)

Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis (SSPE): It poses a significant health risk in Uttar Pradesh due to inadequate measles vaccination coverage.

• About SSPE: It is a progressive and fatal brain disorder linked to measles (rubella) infection.

o It can emerge years after the initial infection, even if the person fully recovered from measles.

o The condition primarily affects children and adolescents and is observed more frequently in males than females. Although cases are reported globally, it remains a rare disease in Western countries.

• Causes: Typically, the measles virus does not affect the brain. However, SSPE may develop due to an abnormal immune response or certain viral mutations.

o This leads to persistent inflammation in the brain over several years. The irregular immune reaction can result in severe complications and death.

• Symptoms: In early stage, decline in school performance, forgetfulness, anger issues, distractibility, insomnia, and hallucinations.

o Progression: Onset of sudden muscle jerks in the hands, head, or body, followed by seizures and uncontrolled muscle movements.

o Advanced Stage: Muscles become stiff, swallowing food becomes difficult, and in some cases, vision impairment occurs.

o Final Stage: Abnormalities in body temperature, blood pressure, and pulse.

• About: Measles is caused by a ribonucleic acid (RNA) virus from the Morbillivirus genus. It is highly contagious, with an infected person transmitting the virus to over 90% of unprotected close contacts.