SALMONELLA (Syllabus: GS Paper 3 – Sci and Tech)

Context: The United States has reportedly refused almost a third of shipments from MDH since October 2023 due to salmonella contamination.

Salmonella

• About: It is a group of bacteria causing gastrointestinal illness known as salmonellosis.

o It resides naturally in the intestines of animals and can be present in their faces.

• WHO & Salmonella: The World Health Organisation (WHO) identifies Salmonella as one of four key global causes of diarrhoeal diseases.
• Transmission: Humans can contract Salmonella by coming into contact with infected animals or contaminated items in their surroundings.

o The WHO says Salmonella can pass through the entire food chain from animal feed, primary production, and all the way to households or food-service establishments and institutions.

• Survivability and Distribution: Salmonella is ubiquitous and robust, capable of surviving for weeks in dry environments and months in water.
• Symptoms: Diarrhea, fever, and stomach discomfort.
• Risk Group: Certain demographics, like children under 5, adults over 65, and those with weakened immune systems, are at higher risk.
• Severity of Illness: Individuals with weakened immune systems may experience more severe illness, requiring medical attention or hospitalization.