theIASHub | 15 Mar, 2025
Saffron Mission: The Northeast is poised to become India's next saffron hub, transforming agriculture through NECTAR’s tech-driven approach.
o Large-scale cultivation underway in Menchukha (Arunachal Pradesh) and Yuksom (Sikkim); plans to extend to Nagaland and Manipur.
o NECTAR aims to boost agri-tech innovation and enhance agricultural potential without disrupting existing crops.
o Rainfall: Needs 1000-1500 mm annually.
o Plant: Saffron is extracted from the stigma of Crocus sativus L. flower.
o Local Names: Known as kong (Kashmiri), zaffran (Urdu), and kesar (Hindi).
o Sowing: June-July; in some places, August-September.
o Flowering: Begins in October.
o Soil: Thrives in calcareous, humus-rich, well-drained soil (pH 6-8).
o Climate: Requires distinct summer and winter with temperatures between -20°C to 40°C.
o Crocin Content: Kashmiri kesar contains 8% crocin; other varieties contain 5-6%.
o Medicinal Properties: Lowers blood pressure, treats anemia, migraines, and aids insomnia.
o Cosmetic Uses: Enhances skin quality, reduces pigmentation, and minimizes spots.
o Culinary Uses: Integral in traditional dishes, beverages, confectionery, and food coloring.
o GI Tag: In 2020, Kashmiri saffron received a Geographical Indication (GI) certification.
o GIAHS Status: Recognized as a Globally Important Agricultural Heritage System (GIAHS) by FAO.
o National Saffron Mission (2010-11): Supported saffron cultivation in J&K under Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (RKVY).
o NECTAR: Autonomous body under Department of Science & Technology. Piloted saffron cultivation in the Northeast to achieve high quality and quantity production.
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