Saffron Mission

Saffron Mission: The Northeast is poised to become India's next saffron hub, transforming agriculture through NECTAR’s tech-driven approach.

• About: Mission Saffron Initiative (since 2021) expanded saffron cultivation across Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh, and Meghalaya.

o Large-scale cultivation underway in Menchukha (Arunachal Pradesh) and Yuksom (Sikkim); plans to extend to Nagaland and Manipur.

o NECTAR aims to boost agri-tech innovation and enhance agricultural potential without disrupting existing crops.

• About Saffron: It was restricted to Jammu & Kashmir, with Pampore known as the "Saffron Bowl of Kashmir".

o Rainfall: Needs 1000-1500 mm annually.

o Plant: Saffron is extracted from the stigma of Crocus sativus L. flower.

o Local Names: Known as kong (Kashmiri), zaffran (Urdu), and kesar (Hindi).

• Season and Cultivation Conditions:

o Sowing: June-July; in some places, August-September.

o Flowering: Begins in October.

o Soil: Thrives in calcareous, humus-rich, well-drained soil (pH 6-8).

o Climate: Requires distinct summer and winter with temperatures between -20°C to 40°C.

• Quality and Benefits:

o Crocin Content: Kashmiri kesar contains 8% crocin; other varieties contain 5-6%.

o Medicinal Properties: Lowers blood pressure, treats anemia, migraines, and aids insomnia.

o Cosmetic Uses: Enhances skin quality, reduces pigmentation, and minimizes spots.

o Culinary Uses: Integral in traditional dishes, beverages, confectionery, and food coloring.

• Recognition:

o GI Tag: In 2020, Kashmiri saffron received a Geographical Indication (GI) certification.

o GIAHS Status: Recognized as a Globally Important Agricultural Heritage System (GIAHS) by FAO.

• Government Initiatives:

o National Saffron Mission (2010-11): Supported saffron cultivation in J&K under Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (RKVY).

o NECTAR: Autonomous body under Department of Science & Technology. Piloted saffron cultivation in the Northeast to achieve high quality and quantity production.