Painted lady butterflies: A recent study published in PNAS Nexus explores the migration patterns of Painted Lady Butterflies (Vanessa cardui), revealing that their migratory distances are influenced by environmental conditions rather than genetic differences.
o Capable of thriving in diverse climates, from temperate grasslands to deserts.
o Undertakes one of the longest insect migrations, covering up to 15,000 km in a single migratory cycle.
o Follows a multi-generational migration cycle, with each cycle spanning 8 to 10 generations.
o Unlike birds, no single butterfly completes the full migration; migration is a "family business."
o Migration distance is influenced by environmental factors rather than genetic makeup.
o Butterflies form a single interbreeding population rather than distinct genetic groups.
o Late Summer & Autumn: Offspring migrate south across Spain and Italy back to North Africa. They possess strong thoracic muscles, aiding in high-speed, long-distance flights.
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