7.National Gene Bank: Union Finance Minister, GOI has recently announced the establishment of India’s second National Gene Bank, as part of the Union Budget 2025-26.

• About Gene Bank: A repository of genetic material (seeds, pollen, or tissue samples) from various plant species.

o A plant gene is a sequence of DNA in a plant's genome that codes for proteins. These proteins control the plant's basic functions, such as development and responses to environmental factors. 

• Purpose: To protect plant species from extinction and preserve vital crop varieties for future generations.
• India’s First National Gene Bank: Established in 1996 by ICAR-NBPGR (Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources) in New Delhi.

o 12 regional stations across India for collection & storage of crop germplasms (genetic material for research, conservation, and breeding).

o Aim: To ensure future food and nutritional security and support genetic resource conservation in both public and private sectors.

• Current Status (as of January 15, 2025): 0.47 million accessions (plant materials for breeding) stored.

o Major stored categories: Cereals, Millets, Legumes, Oilseeds, & Vegetables.