FOREIGNERS’ TRIBUNALS (Syllabus: GS Paper 2 – Polity)

Get an Instant Call Back from Our Expert Mentors Now!

+91

Context: Recently, the Supreme Court overturned a Foreigners' Tribunal decision, declaring an Assam resident a citizen of India.

Foreigners’ Tribunals

About: These were established under The Foreigners Act, a colonial legislation that preceded the Constitution of India, and which was meant to deal with foreigners rather than citizens.
Executive Order of 1964: They were established in 1964 by an executive order of the Home Ministry, even though under Article 323B of the Constitution, tribunals may be established by “the appropriate legislature” by “law”.
Definition of Foreigner: Under Section 2(a) of the 1946 Act, “a foreigner means a person who is not a citizen of India”.

oThus, it will be applicable only to persons against whom there is strong evidence of being a foreigner in the sense that they were caught while entering India, or they were in possession of a passport of another country.

Inadequate Notices: Although Paragraph 3(1) of Foreigners’ Tribunal Order of 1964 mandates that notices shall mention the “main grounds”, notices issued by FTs generally do not mention any ground, and people have to defend themselves without knowing the charges.

Supreme Court Rule

Section 9 of The Foreigners Act, 1946: It places the burden of proof on the person alleged to be a foreigner.
Supreme Court's Query: The SC questioned whether Section 9 allows the Executive to randomly accuse someone of being a foreigner without substantial evidence.
Requirement for Material Evidence: The court emphasized that the accused's burden of proof under the Foreigners Act arises only after the state shares the material supporting the allegation.
Arbitrary Discretion of Authorities: The court criticized the arbitrary initiation of proceedings without primary material evidence, highlighting the serious consequences for the accused.
Mukesh Singh vs State (2020): The SC reiterated that the initial burden of proof rests on the prosecution, even in reverse burden cases.
Noor Aga vs State of Punjab (2008): The court stated that the prosecution must prove basic facts before shifting the burden to the accused.

UPSC QEP 2026 Batch 5 - English

Buy now View Details

Submit Your Details to Learn More

NEEV GS + CSAT Foundation 2026/27

Buy now View Details

Our Popular Courses

UPSC Prelims Foundation Course (GS + CSAT)

UPSC Mains PYQ Solved

UPSC Mains Answer writing Course

UPSC Mains test Series 2026

Library

UPPSC Prelims Crash Course 2025 - NISCHAY

UPPSC Mains Course 2025

UPPSC Mains Course in Hindi

Best IAS Coaching In Delhi, UPSC Online & Offline Classes by IAShub

Are you dreaming of becoming an IAS officer? Then, IAShub can be your best guide. It is one of the Best IAS Coaching in Delhi. Many students who want to clear the UPSC exam join IAShub for learning. The institute gives both online and offline classes. Their teachers are experienced and helpful. They easily explain every topic. Students also get notes, tests, and tips to do well in the exam.

UPSC Online Classes by IAShub

IAShub is in Delhi and is trusted by many UPSC students. It offers coaching for every part of the UPSC exam – Prelims, Mains, and Interview. The classes are simple and easy to understand. The teachers are experts and guide students in the right way. IAShub is also known for its helpful notes, test series, and answer-writing practice. IAShub is the best coaching in Delhi and also gives UPSC Online Classes. This helps students from any place in India to learn. The online classes are live and also recorded. So, students can watch them anytime. These classes cover the full UPSC syllabus.

Key Offerings Provided by IAShub

Here are some important services provided by IAShub:

UPSC Prelims: IAShub teaches for Prelims with a focus on basics. It also gives daily current affairs and monthly magazines.
Classroom Courses: IAShub has classroom learning for students in Delhi. The environment is good and peaceful for study.
Live Classes: Students who live far can join live UPSC online classes. These classes are just like real classes.
QEP for Mains: The Quality Enrichment Program (QEP) is special for Mains preparation. It helps students write better and faster.
Answer Writing: Regular answer writing practice is given. Teachers also check answers and give tips to improve.
Free Resource: IAShub gives free notes by toppers and helpful Main Booster material.
Test Series: Test series are available for every subject. These help students know their weak points and improve.
Interview Guidance Session: IAShub also gives interview practice sessions with experts. These help students feel confident.

UPSC Exam Overview

The UPSC Civil Services Exam has three parts:

Prelims: It has two papers: General Studies and CSAT.
Mains: It has nine papers, including essays and optional subjects.
Interview: It tests the personality and confidence of the student.

This exam is tough, but with the right guidance, it becomes easy to manage. Students must study smart and stay regular.

How IAShub Helps in the UPSC Journey

IAShub supports students from the beginning to the end. It gives the right books, tests, and notes. The classes are easy to follow, and the teachers are always ready to help. Students get personal doubt sessions too. The test series and answer checking help students learn where they need to do better. Also, free study materials save time and money.
IAShub also guides students during the final stage – the interview. Experts take mock interviews and give useful tips. This full support makes IAShub one of the best IAS coaching in Delhi.

Best IAS Coaching In Delhi FAQs

Yes, IAShub offers live and recorded online classes. Students can attend from any part of India.

Classes are available in both English and Hindi, so students can choose the language they are comfortable with.

The classroom centre is located in Delhi. Students can visit and join offline batches there.

IAShub gives interview guidance sessions to help students prepare for the final round of UPSC.