Eco Sensitive Zones (Syllabus: GS Paper 3 – Env & Eco)

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Context: Ecological well-being of Jammu & Kashmir stands at a critical juncture

  • Jammu and Kashmir (J&K) is also an ecologically sensitive region.
  • The Centre said 5.9 million tonnes of lithium reserves have been found for the first time in the country in J&K in February

About Eco-Sensitive Zones

  • The Indian Government designates Eco-Sensitive Zones (ESZs) around Protected Areas, National Parks, and Wildlife Sanctuaries.
  • Ministry: Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEF&CC)
  • ESZ could go up to 10 Km around Protected Areas.
  • Prohibited Activities: Mining, sawmills, the establishment of major hydroelectric projects, commercial use of wood, Tourism


About Lithium 

  • Lithium (Li), which is sometimes called 'White gold' because it's in high demand for rechargeable batteries, is a soft, shiny, white metal.
  • In normal situations, it's the lightest metal and the lightest solid element.
  • Countries with Largest Reserves: Chile> Australia> Argentina are the top countries with Li reserves.
  • There are around 14,100 tonnes of Li reserves in a small area of land that was examined in the Mandya district of Southern Karnataka.
  • The GSI has identified around 5.9 million tonnes of inferred Lithium resources (G3) in the Salal-Haimana region of the Jammu & Kashmir UT.
  • Other Li Reserves in India: Mica belts in Rajasthan, Bihar, Andhra Pradesh.
  • Pegmatite belts in Odisha and Chhattisgarh & Rann of Kutch in Gujrat.


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