Overall Impact of Britishers on Indian Society

Positive Impacts:

1. Modern Education: Various commissions like Hunter, Raleigh, etc. for education reforms.
2. Infrastructure Development: Construction of railways, roads, bridges, and ports. For example, Dalhousie changed the map of India by introducing telegraph, Railways.
3. Legal and Administrative Reforms: They laid the foundation for a more organized governance system in India through codification of laws, rule of law, etc.
4. Technological Advancements: Modern machinery and scientific knowledge led to growth of industries and agriculture. Eg: Engineering College in 1847 and Agricultural College at Pusa 1905.

Negative Impacts:

1. Economic Exploitation: They imposed heavy taxes and extracted raw materials from India. Charter Act of 1833 further opened the Indian market.
2. Social Disruption: The introduction of land policies and the Zamindari system caused widespread impoverishment leading to various riots like Deccan riots in 1875 
3. Cultural Suppression: As seen through Macaulay's minutes of 1835 which favoured anglicists (Modern education) and his downward filtration theory.
4. Political Subjugation: Indians were subjected to discriminatory laws and were excluded from political participation. Eg: Arms Act of 1878, Illbert Bill controversy, etc.
5. Divide and Rule: They exploited divisions between different communities to perpetuate their rule. Ex: Bengal division 1905, separate electorates, etc.