Media Ethics & Freedom of Press

Values

                   Ethical Principle

  Steps to avoid conflicts with the principle

Truth and Accuracy

• Journalists cannot always guarantee ‘truth’ but getting the facts right is the cardinal principle of journalism

• Evaluate the value of various sources of information (peer review, surveys, anecdotal reports, testimonies, etc.). 
• Build connections with experienced and reputable professionals in various fields so that solicit advice/information can be taken.

Independence

• Journalists should not act formally or informally, on behalf of special interests whether political, corporate or cultural. 
• They should tell the audience any of their political affiliations, financial arrangements or other personal information that might constitute a conflict of interest

• Consider ulterior motives when writing your article. 
• Inquire about and share details related to potential conflicts of interest.
• Distinguish between opinion and scientific evidence when reporting.

Fairness and Impartiality

• Most stories have at least two sides. While there is no obligation to present every side in every piece, stories should be balanced and add context. 
• Objectivity is not always possible and may not always be desirable Example - In brutality or inhumanity, but impartial reporting builds trust and confidence

• Attempt to contact a few reputable sources on the topic and build a reputation for being a trusted source of information. 
• Be sure to clearly state limitations (if no adequate research has been conducted).
• Check the accuracy of information before reporting. 

Humanity

• Journalists should not do harm. Their reporting or broadcast may be hurtful, but they should be aware of the impact of words and images on the lives of others.

• Think about the potential impact of sharing messages.
• Show compassion for those who may be impacted by news coverage and use heightened sensitivity when reporting on issues that impact vulnerable populations.

Avoiding libel

• This is a legal as well as a moral imperative for journalists. 
• Journalists cannot print false statements that damage a person’s reputation. 
• In most jurisdictions, true statements cannot be libellous, so journalists can protect themselves by rigorously checking facts.

• Take responsibility for accountability by checking the accuracy of work before publishing by verifying information and using original sources. 
• Provide sources and citations for material. In the event that information was reported and later discovered to be inaccurate, share this new information

Proper attribution

• If they use information from another media outlet or journalist, they need to attribute it to them.

Harm minimization

• Journalists should follow the Utilitarian principle while showing news. 
• Not every fact that can be published should be published. 
• Ex. News based on heroism of Internet gaming 

• If the amount of harm that could come to private individuals particularly children—as a result of disclosure exceeds the public good that would come of it, then news outlets might choose not to publish the story.