Trouble in the air

Business Standard     9th October 2020     Save    

Context: Possible spike in air pollution due to higher incidence of crop residue burning in northern states can exacerbate the prevailing public health crisis.

Concerns related to Stubble burning

  • Breaching of the anti-pollution under stubble fire-related components: has led to increase in air pollution in the northern Indian regions.
      • These fires have been estimated to cause between 30 and 45% surge in winter air pollution in the National Capital Region and its adjoining areas in the past few years. 
  • Flaws in the approach: The basic approach to countering this menace gains only limited success.
  • No novel or out-of-the-box solution is on the cards except experimenting with a new microbial biomass decomposer which failed to catch the farmers’ fancy.
  • An economic compulsion for the farmers: Most of the eco-friendly means of managing paddy stubble are either cost-intensive (such as the use of machines like happy seeders) or time-consuming (such as biodegradation). 
    • Time available for preparing the fields for the next crop is merely 20-30 days.
  • Small penalties in case of violations: The fines mooted in the existing anti-pollution laws are mostly less than the cost of removing the stubble manually or mechanically. 

Way Forward

  • Transforming the biomass into an economic good that can yield income for the farmers: 
  • Promote its use as feedstock or fuel for power plants and other industries.
  • It can also be converted into pulp for making paper, cardboard, disposable cutlery.
  • Some public- and private-sector companies, including National Thermal Power Corporation, are procuring crop residues for use as fuel, thus converting this waste into wealth. 
  • Support Start-ups and other entrepreneurs: Start-ups and other entrepreneurs interested in collecting, processing, and selling the crop residues should get government backing and hand-holding. 
  • Incentivise Farmers:  Like Punjab, who had given a premium on the minimum support price for paddy to growers who do not torch their fields.