VEGF-C: A Nanotechnology-Based Breakthrough for Advanced Liver Cirrhosis Treatment

Indian scientists propose using VEGF-C-loaded nanocarriers to repair lymphatic vessels, enhance drainage, and reduce ascites in advanced liver cirrhosis, offering a targeted and safer therapeutic approach.

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Context

  • Recently, a team of Indian scientists proposed an innovative nanotechnology-based approach to treat advanced liver cirrhosis, which involves the use of VEGF-C-loaded nanocarriers.

About VEGF-C

  • A protein with powerful therapeutic potential that stimulates the growth of new lymphatic vessels (lymphangiogenesis).

How It Works

  • Activates the VEGFR-3 receptor on cell membranes, promoting lymphatic vessel formation and function.

Therapeutic Potential

  • Repairs lymphatic vessels in the liver and intestines ✓
  • Enhances lymphatic drainage 
  • Reduces ascites (abdominalfluid accumulation), a major complication in liver cirrhosis.

Clinical Limitations

  • Hydrophilic nature limits its ability to cross cell membranes 
  • Short half-life reduces its effectiveness in the body.
  • Risk of systemic side effects in uncontrolled delivery.

Nanocarrier Solution

  • Encapsulating VEGF-C in nanocarriers helps overcome these challenges by enabling targeted, sustained, and safer delivery to damaged liver tissues.

About Chronic Liver Disease

  • When a healthy tissue is gradually replaced by scar tissue, impairing liver function over time.

Disease Progression

  • Repeated liver injury and attempts at repair lead to fibrosis, vessel distortion, and fluid buildup, especially in advanced stages.

Lymphatic Involvement

  • Damage is not limited to blood vessels-lymphatic vessels also become dysfunctional, particularly in the intestinal area. 
  • Lymph production can increase up to 30 times due to liver congestion and portal hypertension, overwhelming the drainage system. 
  • This contributes significantly to ascites (fluid accumulation in the abdomen), yet no current treatment specifically targets lymphatic dysfunction. 

Common symptoms

  • Fatigue, jaundice, abdominal pain, swelling in the limbs and abdomen, itchy skin, unexplained weight loss, easy bruising or bleeding, mental confusion, dark urine, pale stools, and spider-like blood vessels on the skin.


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