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30 May 2026 9 views

Run-of-the-River (RoR) Hydropower Projects

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theIAShub
30 May, 2026
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Run-of-the-River (RoR) Hydropower Projects
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Low-impact hydroelectric design using natural river flow without large reservoirs, minimizing ecological disruption.

Why in News

As India halts new large dams in the Ganga Basin, experts recommend shifting to Run-of-the-River (RoR) and Pumped Storage Plants (PSPs) as ecologically sustainable alternatives for Himalayan hydropower.

Key Facts

  • RoR projects generate electricity using natural river flow without creating large storage reservoirs.
  • They avoid forest submergence and displacement of communities, unlike conventional dam-based projects.
  • Diversion-type RoR uses headrace tunnels to channel water through turbines, leaving riverbeds partially dry.
  • Aviralta (uninterrupted flow) and Nirmalta (purity) of the Ganga are compromised when rivers are diverted underground.
  • Pumped Storage Plants (PSPs) are off-river systems storing energy by pumping water uphill during low demand. (UPSC Mains Usage: Energy storage solution for intermittent renewables — GS3)
  • Spinning reserves from hydropower balance intermittent solar/wind energy, ensuring grid stability.
  • Uttarakhand and Arunachal Pradesh depend on "river currency" (electricity sales) as primary state revenue sources.
  • Seven ongoing hydro projects in the Ganga Basin will continue despite the moratorium on new projects.

Quick Revision Box

Term

Detail

RoR (Run-of-the-River)

Hydropower using natural flow without large dams/reservoirs

PSP (Pumped Storage Plant)

Off-river energy storage; pumps water uphill for peak demand

Aviralta

Sanskrit: uninterrupted, free-flowing river (Ganga principle)

Spinning Reserves

Hydropower capacity balancing intermittent renewable energy

Headrace Tunnel

Underground channel diverting river water to turbines in RoR

Grid Stability

Reliable power supply balancing generation and demand


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