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01 June 2026 4 views

Northwestern Dust Storms and Aravalli Degradation

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theIAShub
01 Jun, 2026
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Northwestern Dust Storms and Aravalli Degradation
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Severe dust storms in northwestern India intensified by degradation of the Aravalli mountain range, which historically acted as a natural windbreak.

Why in News

Recent analysis linked intensifying northwestern dust storms to accelerated Aravalli range degradation, highlighting the ecological consequences of deforestation and mining in this critical geographical barrier.

Key Facts

  • Aravalli Range: India's oldest fold mountain system (approximately 8 billion years old), stretching 692 km from Gujarat to Delhi (UPSC Mains Usage: Physical geography anchor under GS1 - Indian Geography)
  • Ecological Function: Acts as natural barrier preventing Thar Desert expansion eastward into the fertile Indo-Gangetic Plains
  • States Covered: Gujarat, Rajasthan, Haryana, and Delhi
  • Peak Elevation: Mount Abu at 1,722 meters in Rajasthan
  • Degradation Factors: Illegal mining, quarrying, deforestation, and urban encroachment reduced forest cover by over 30% in past decades
  • Dust Storm Intensity: Frequency and severity of dust storms in Delhi-NCR, Rajasthan, and Haryana increased by 40% compared to pre-2000 levels
  • Health Impact: PM10 and PM2.5 particulate matter levels spike during dust storms, causing respiratory emergencies (UPSC Mains Usage: Environmental health linkage under GS3 - Environment)
  • Conservation Efforts: Supreme Court directives for Aravalli protection; Aravalli Green Wall Project under consideration

Quick Revision Box

Term

Detail

Age of Aravalli

1.8 billion years (oldest fold mountains in India)

Length

692 km (Gujarat to Delhi)

Highest Peak

Mount Abu (1,722 m) in Rajasthan

Ecological Role

Natural barrier preventing Thar Desert expansion

States Covered

Gujarat, Rajasthan, Haryana, Delhi

Forest Loss

Over 30% reduction due to mining and encroachment


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