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21 May 2026 9 views

Judges Inquiry Committee — Constitutional Mechanism for Impeachment

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21 May, 2026
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Judges Inquiry Committee — Constitutional Mechanism for Impeachment
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Statutory body under Judges (Inquiry) Act, 1968, investigating charges against Supreme Court and High Court judges before impeachment motion.

Why in News

A Judges Inquiry Committee was recently constituted to probe allegations of misconduct against a High Court judge, reviving debate on judicial accountability mechanisms.

Key Facts

  • Established under Judges (Inquiry) Act, 1968.
  • Investigates charges before impeachment motion under Article 124(4) (SC) and Article 218 (HC).
  • Committee composition: 3 members — 1 Supreme Court judge, 1 High Court Chief Justice, 1 eminent jurist.
  • Impeachment requires special majority: 2/3rd of present and voting, majority of total membership in both Houses.
  • Grounds: Proven misbehaviour or incapacity. (⚑ UPSC angle: Only removal mechanism for judges)
  • Parliament's exclusive power — President bound by Parliament's decision.
  • Only one successful impeachment attempt: Justice V. Ramaswami (1993), motion failed in Lok Sabha.
  • Committee submits report within 6 months, extendable to 1 year.

Quick Revision Box

Term

Detail

Legal Basis

Judges (Inquiry) Act, 1968

Committee Strength

3 members (SC judge, HC CJ, eminent jurist)

Impeachment Articles

Article 124(4) (SC), Article 218 (HC)

Majority Required

2/3rd present + voting, majority of House

Grounds

Misbehaviour or incapacity

Historical Attempts

V. Ramaswami (1993), motion failed



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