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16 June 2026 2 views

JCPOA (Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action) — Iran Nuclear Deal

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theIAShub
16 Jun, 2026
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JCPOA (Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action) — Iran Nuclear Deal
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Landmark 2015 multilateral nuclear agreement restricting Iran's enrichment capacity in exchange for sanctions relief — collapsed after U.S. withdrawal in 2018.

Why in News

The U.S.–Iran Preliminary Peace Accord 2026 establishes a 60-day standstill window for final negotiations on Iran's nuclear enrichment program, seeking to revive elements of the collapsed JCPOA framework.

Key Facts

  • Full Form: Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action — signed 14 July 2015 in Vienna by Iran, P5+1 (US, UK, France, Russia, China, Germany) plus the European Union.
  • Core Mechanism: Iran agreed to limit uranium enrichment to 3.67%, dismantle two-thirds of centrifuges, and allow IAEA inspections in return for comprehensive sanctions relief. (UPSC Mains Usage: GS2 International Agreements + GS3 Nuclear Diplomacy)
  • S. Withdrawal: May 2018 — President Donald Trump unilaterally exited and reimposed crippling economic sanctions, triggering the deal's collapse.
  • Iran's Response: Post-2019, Iran breached enrichment limits, stockpiling uranium enriched beyond 60% purity and restricted IAEA access.
  • 2026 Conflict Link: JCPOA collapse created conditions for direct U.S.-Iran military confrontation and the Strait of Hormuz blockade.
  • Current Status: Deep institutional trust deficits remain due to the 2018 pullout precedent. (UPSC Mains Usage: GS2 IR — treaty compliance and credibility)

Quick Revision Box

Term

Detail

JCPOA Signing

14 July 2015 in Vienna

Parties

P5+1 (US, UK, FR, RU, CN, DE) + EU + Iran

Enrichment Cap

3.67% under JCPOA; Iran later reached 60%+

U.S. Exit

May 2018 under Trump administration

Monitoring Body

IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency)

2026 Negotiation Window

60-day standstill for nuclear talks


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