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22 June 2026 20 views

Gaganyaan Mission — India's First Human Spaceflight Program

theIAShub
theIAShub
22 Jun, 2026
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Gaganyaan Mission — India's First Human Spaceflight Program
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India's flagship human spaceflight program to send astronauts to a 400-kilometer orbit using an entirely indigenous life-support system.

Why in News

The Gaganyaan mission is entering its final phase with crewed launches planned to send up to three astronauts into a 400-kilometer orbit for up to three days, making India the fourth nation to independently conduct human spaceflight.

Key Facts

  • Gaganyaan means "Sky Vehicle" in Sanskrit.
  • Objective: Send a three-member crew to a 400-kilometer Low Earth Orbit (LEO) for three days and return them safely to Earth.
  • Uses an entirely indigenous life-support system including oxygen supply, temperature control, and waste management.
  • The crew module will be launched atop the GSLV Mk III rocket (also called LVM3 — Launch Vehicle Mark 3).
  • India will become the fourth nation after USA, Russia, and China to independently send humans to space. (UPSC Mains Usage: Demonstrates India's advancement in human-rated space technology and strategic autonomy — relevant for GS3)
  • The mission includes two unmanned test flights followed by the crewed mission.
  • Four astronaut candidates are undergoing training, with support from ISRO and Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Centre, Russia.

Quick Revision Box

Term

Detail

Meaning

"Sky Vehicle" (Sanskrit)

Crew Size

Up to 3 astronauts

Orbit Altitude

400 kilometers (Low Earth Orbit)

Mission Duration

Up to 3 days

Launch Vehicle

GSLV Mk III / LVM3

India's Global Rank

Fourth nation with independent human spaceflight


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