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17 June 2026 4 views

Ethanol Blending Programme in India

theIAShub
theIAShub
17 Jun, 2026
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Ethanol Blending Programme in India
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Government initiative to blend ethanol with petrol for energy security and environmental sustainability.

Why in News

Recent editorial analysis highlights the ethanol imperative for achieving Viksit Bharat by 2047, emphasizing its role in reducing import dependence and promoting sustainable agriculture.

Key Facts

  • E20 target — India aims to achieve 20% ethanol blending with petrol by 2025-26, advanced from the original 2030 (UPSC Mains Usage: Links to GS3 - Energy Security and Climate Change mitigation)
  • Ethanol Blended Petrol (EBP) Programme launched in 2003 under the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas.
  • 1st Generation (1G) ethanol is produced from sugarcane molasses and food grains like maize and damaged rice.
  • 2nd Generation (2G) ethanol is derived from agricultural residues and biomass, not competing with food crops.
  • India's crude oil import bill was approximately $132 billion in 2023-24, making energy security critical.
  • Sugar surplus statesUttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, and Karnataka are the largest ethanol-producing states. (UPSC Mains Usage: Agricultural geography and cropping patterns)
  • Environmental benefit — Every 1% ethanol blending reduces CO2 emissions by approximately 5 million tonnes annually.
  • NITI Aayog's Ethanol Roadmap 2020-25 provides the strategic framework for blending targets and feedstock diversification.

Quick Revision Box

Term

Detail

E20

20% ethanol blended with 80% petrol

Target Year

2025-26 (advanced from 2030)

1G Ethanol Source

Sugarcane molasses, maize, damaged rice

2G Ethanol Source

Agricultural residues, biomass, cellulosic waste

Nodal Ministry

Ministry of Petroleum & Natural Gas

CO2 Reduction

~0.5 million tonnes per 1% blending


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