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10 June 2026 11 views

Disaster Management Act, 2005

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10 Jun, 2026
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Disaster Management Act, 2005
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Comprehensive legislation establishing institutional and legal frameworks for disaster management in India, replacing archaic relief-centric approach.

Why in News

References to the Disaster Management Act, 2005, appeared in recent editorials analyzing drought, heat waves, and climate-induced disasters in June 2026.

Key Facts

  • Enacted: December 23, 2005; operationalized January 2006.
  • Nodal Ministry: Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA).
  • Establishes 3-tier institutional structure: National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) — apex body chaired by Prime Minister; State Disaster Management Authorities (SDMAs) — chaired by Chief Ministers; District Disaster Management Authorities (DDMAs) — chaired by District Collectors/Deputy Commissioners.
  • NDMA mandate: Lay down policies, plans, and guidelines for disaster management; approve National Disaster Management Plan.
  • National Disaster Response Force (NDRF) constituted under Section 45 for specialized response during disasters.
  • Disaster definition (Section 2(d)): Catastrophe causing loss of life, property, environment — includes natural disasters (earthquakes, floods, cyclones, droughts, heat waves) and man-made disasters (industrial accidents, nuclear incidents, biological emergencies). (UPSC Mains Usage: Links to GS3 — Disaster Management; constitutional provisions under Entry 23, List III — Concurrent List)
  • Financial provisions: National Disaster Response Fund (NDRF) and State Disaster Response Funds (SDRF) under Section 46 and 48.

Quick Revision Box

Term

Detail

Enactment Year

2005 (operationalized January 2006)

Apex Body

National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA), PM-chaired

State Level

State Disaster Management Authority (SDMA), CM-chaired

District Level

District Disaster Management Authority (DDMA), Collector-chaired

NDRF

National Disaster Response Force under Section 45

Funds

NDRF and SDRF under Sections 46 & 48


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