Central Himalayan Region

For the first time, Indian scientists at ARIES have measured continuous greenhouse gas levels in the Central Himalayas, revealing unique seasonal trends in CO₂, CH₄, and CO, highlighting climate sensitivity and regional human impact.

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Context

  • Recently, for the first time, Indian scientists have obtained continuous, high-resolution ground-based measurements of major greenhouse gases in the Central Himalayan region. 
  • This breakthrough reveals how both natural processes and human activities are shaping emissions in this ecologically fragile and climate-sensitive zone. 

Key Highlights

  • Conducted by ARIES (Aryabhatta Research Institute of Observational Sciences), Nainital, under the Department of Science and Technology (DST)
  • Based on five years of continuous ground measurements (2014-2018) in the Central Himalayan region.
  • Diurnal and Seasonal Patterns: Carbon dioxide (CO2) dips during the daytime, due to photosynthesis, but rises in spring due to biomass burning and minimal vegetation.
  • Methane (CH4) peaks in autumn, likely due to agricultural practices such as rice cultivation.
  • Carbon monoxide (CO) shows highest levels in late spring, driven by regional pollution transported from the plains.

Comparative Trends with Mauna Loa (Hawaii)

  • CO2: Rising at 2.66 ppm/year in the Himalayas (higher than global average).
  • CH4: Increasing at 9.53 ppb/year, again exceeding background levels. 
  • CO: Declining at 3.15 ppb/year, possibly due to improved combustion or changing emission sources

About Central Himalayas

  • Also known as the Himadri, Inner Himalayas, or Greater Himalayas.
  • Made up of Archaean rocks such as granite, gneiss, and ancient schist. 
  • Changing Orientation Across Regions: Southeast across northern Pakistan, northern India, and Nepal.
  • Eastward through Sikkim and Bhutan
  • Northeast across northern Arunachal Pradesh. 
  • Prominent peaks, including Nanga Parbat, Mount Everest, Kanchenjunga, and Namcha Barwa.
  • The range features steep slopes on its northern side and gentler slopes on the southern side.


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