AdFalciVax

ICMR's newly developed malaria vaccine, AdFalciVax, targets Plasmodium falciparum with enhanced protection and transmission-blocking capabilities. Developed using recombinant DNA technology, it marks a significant step in India’s fight against malaria, with potential to address multiple parasite strains in future versions.

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Context

  • Recently, the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) invited domestic vaccine manufacturers to collaborate on the commercial rollout of its newly developed malaria vaccine, AdFalciVax. 

About AdFalciVax

  • A next-generation vaccine developed using recombinant DNA technology to elicit a strong immune response.
  • Dual Protein Targets: It expresses two key proteins of the malaria parasite, aiming for enhanced protection compared to current vaccines that target only parasite fragments.
  • Full-Length CSP Gene: The vaccine includes the complete gene for the circumsporozoite protein (CSP), a major surface protein of Plasmodium falciparum, the deadliest malaria parasite. This is expected to generate a more robust and long-lasting immune response. 
  • Transmission Blocking Component: AdFalciVax also includes a second component aimed at disrupting the parasite's lifecycle within the mosquito, thereby reducing community-level transmission. 
  • The vaccine has been developed by the ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (RMRC), Bhubaneswar. 

Current WHO-approved Vaccines

  • Existing vaccines like RTS,S/AS01 (Mosquirix) and R21/Matrix-M mainly target Plasmodium falciparum, the most lethal malaria parasite.

India's Dual Burden

  • India faces a significant malaria burden not only from P. falciparum but also from Plasmodium vivax, which is known for causing recurring infections. 
  • Upcoming versions of AdFalciVax may aim to broaden protection to include other malaria-causing parasites such as P. vivax, P. malariae, P. ovale, and the zoonotic P. knowlesi.


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