3I/ATLAS

Scientists using the ATLAS telescope in Chile have discovered 3I/ATLAS, the third known interstellar object passing through our solar system. Learn about its comet-like features, origin, high-speed trajectory, and NASA’s asteroid early warning system designed to protect Earth.

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Context

  • Recently, scientists using the ATLAS survey telescope in Chile announced the detection of a new interstellar object, 31/ATLAS.
  • This marks just the third recorded instance of an interstellar object passing through our solar system, after 11/'Oumuamua in 2017 and 21/Borisov in 2019.

About 3I/ATLAS

  • An active comet, showing a coma (dust & gas halo) and likely forming a tail.
  • Appears reddish, with a spectral slope of 1.3% per 100 nm, hinting at complex organics or water ice.
  • The nucleus is likely 10-30 km wide, larger than both 'Oumuamua and Borisov. 
  • Believed to be over 3 billion years old, possibly older than our solar system. 

Identified It as Interstellar because:

  • Follows a hyperbolic, highly elliptical orbit around the Sun.
  • Travels at an extremely high velocity of 57-68 km/s relative to the Sun. 
  • Trajectory simulations trace its path back to the constellation Sagittarius, indicating it came from outside our solar system.
  • NASA has confirmed it poses no danger to our planet. 

About Atlas

  • An asteroid impact early warning system developed by the University of Hawaii and funded by NASA. It consists of four telescopes (Hawaii x2, Chile, South Africa), which automatically scan the whole sky several times every night looking for moving objects. 
  • Objective: To detect and track small to medium-sized asteroids on collision courses with Earth, giving time to evacuate or respond if necessary.
  • Key Features and Capabilities:  Wide-Field Coverage: Each ATLAS Capable of detecting 100- meter asteroids days to weeks before impact and smaller ones hours to days ahead


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